arXiv:2508.21463cs.CV2025-08中稿 · BMVC 2025

融合多种检测方法,显著提升模型对异常数据的识别能力。

Multi-Method Ensemble for Out-of-Distribution Detection

  • 结合特征截断与多类打分函数,构建统一检测框架
  • 在ImageNet-1K上实现27.57%的FPR95,比最优基线提升6%
  • 适用于近域与远域异常样本,鲁棒性强,适合安全关键场景

在开放世界环境下,神经网络需有效检测分布外(OOD)样本,尤其在安全关键应用中至关重要。现有方法主要依赖特征截断以增强分布内(ID)与分布外样本的分离,或使用打分函数进行区分。但多数方法仅关注单一技术路径,或仅在特定类型的OOD数据集上评估,忽视了多种方案协同的潜力。本文从理论和实证两方面证明,当前先进的特征截断与打分函数可有效结合。进一步表明,聚合多个打分函数能增强对各类OOD样本的鲁棒性。基于此,提出多方法集成(MME)评分机制,将主流OOD检测器统一为单一更高效的打分函数。在大规模与小规模基准测试中,涵盖近域与远域场景,实验表明MME在所有基准上均显著优于最新方法。尤其在挑战性的ImageNet-1K基准上,采用BiT模型时,平均FPR95达27.57%,相比最佳基线提升6%。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) samples is essential for neural networks operating in open-world settings, particularly in safety-critical applications. Existing methods have improved OOD detection by leveraging two main techniques: feature truncation, which increases the separation between in-distribution (ID) and OOD samples, and scoring functions, which assign scores to distinguish between ID and OOD data. However, most approaches either focus on a single family of techniques or evaluate their effectiveness on a specific type of OOD dataset, overlooking the potential of combining multiple existing solutions. Motivated by this observation, we theoretically and empirically demonstrate that state-of-the-art feature truncation and scoring functions can be effectively combined. Moreover, we show that aggregating multiple scoring functions enhances robustness against various types of OOD samples. Based on these insights, we propose the Multi-Method Ensemble (MME) score, which unifies state-of-the-art OOD detectors into a single, more effective scoring function. Extensive experiments on both large-scale and small-scale benchmarks, covering near-OOD and far-OOD scenarios, show that MME significantly outperforms recent state-of-the-art methods across all benchmarks. Notably, using the BiT model, our method achieves an average FPR95 of 27.57% on the challenging ImageNet-1K benchmark, improving performance by 6% over the best existing baseline.

OOD检测集成学习模型鲁棒性

Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. PaperDance 不是 arXiv 官方产品;中文卡片由大模型生成,请以原文为准。