arXiv:2508.21722cs.LG2025-08被引 1

通过预测人群焦虑的突变点,评估重大事件对社区心理健康的因果影响。

Inferring Effects of Major Events through Discontinuity Forecasting of Population Anxiety

  • 将经济计量学中的断点回归设计融入统计学习框架,预测焦虑变化的突变与斜率
  • 在美县层面预测新冠事件引发的焦虑突变,相关系数达0.46,斜率预测达0.65
  • 结合动态与外生变量可显著提升预测效果,适用于政策评估与未来事件预演

估算局部事件对社区心理健康的影响对公共卫生政策至关重要。单纯预测心理健康评分难以揭示事件对群体福祉的实际影响,而经济学中的准实验设计(如纵向断点回归设计,LRDD)能从观察数据中推导更可能具有因果关系的效应。LRDD旨在估计特定时间点事件导致的结果突变(如焦虑评分的不连续变化)。本文提出将LRDD拓展至统计学习框架,基于地点的历史评分、动态协变量(其他连续评估)和外生变量(静态特征),预测未来可能出现的突变(即时间特异性跃迁)及斜率变化(即线性趋势改变)。将该方法应用于美国各县新冠事件引发的焦虑变化预测,发现任务具挑战性,但模型越复杂,预测越可行,最佳结果来自融合外生与动态协变量。相比传统静态社区表征,本方法在突变预测(r=+0.46)和斜率预测(r=+0.65)上均有显著提升。断点预测为评估未来或假设性事件对特定社区的个性化影响提供了新可能。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Estimating community-specific mental health effects of local events is vital for public health policy. While forecasting mental health scores alone offers limited insights into the impact of events on community well-being, quasi-experimental designs like the Longitudinal Regression Discontinuity Design (LRDD) from econometrics help researchers derive more effects that are more likely to be causal from observational data. LRDDs aim to extrapolate the size of changes in an outcome (e.g. a discontinuity in running scores for anxiety) due to a time-specific event. Here, we propose adapting LRDDs beyond traditional forecasting into a statistical learning framework whereby future discontinuities (i.e. time-specific shifts) and changes in slope (i.e. linear trajectories) are estimated given a location's history of the score, dynamic covariates (other running assessments), and exogenous variables (static representations). Applying our framework to predict discontinuities in the anxiety of US counties from COVID-19 events, we found the task was difficult but more achievable as the sophistication of models was increased, with the best results coming from integrating exogenous and dynamic covariates. Our approach shows strong improvement ($r=+.46$ for discontinuity and $r = +.65$ for slope) over traditional static community representations. Discontinuity forecasting raises new possibilities for estimating the idiosyncratic effects of potential future or hypothetical events on specific communities.

心理健康断点回归事件影响预测建模

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