arXiv:2509.00087cs.LGcs.AI2025-09

改进LSTM的输入排序、权重正则化和门控非线性,提升长时依赖建模能力。

Yet Unnoticed in LSTM: Binary Tree Based Input Reordering, Weight Regularization, and Gate Nonlinearization

  • 通过二叉树重构输入顺序,聚焦关键历史信息
  • 采用Lp范数优化权重正则化,实现平滑或稀疏化
  • 引入小规模前馈网络非线性化门控机制,增强对历史输入的适应性

当前机器学习中使用的LSTM模型虽借助门控机制有效处理长期信息,但仍无法最优关注特定历史索引或长期依赖。本文提出基于二叉树的输入重排序方法,以优先处理关键历史信息;首次在监督损失函数中研究权重正则化,探索Lp范数的最佳指数以实现权重的平滑或稀疏化;同时指出传统门控函数非线性不足,提出通过小型前馈网络对门控进行非线性化,使门控能更灵活地捕捉过去输入的特殊非线性特征。上述方法在文本分类任务中与标准LSTM对比,显著提升了模型准确率。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

LSTM models used in current Machine Learning literature and applications, has a promising solution for permitting long term information using gating mechanisms that forget and reduce effect of current input information. However, even with this pipeline, they do not optimally focus on specific old index or long-term information. This paper elaborates upon input reordering approaches to prioritize certain input indices. Moreover, no LSTM based approach is found in the literature that examines weight normalization while choosing the right weight and exponent of Lp norms through main supervised loss function. In this paper, we find out which norm best finds relationship between weights to either smooth or sparsify them. Lastly, gates, as weighted representations of inputs and states, which control reduction-extent of current input versus previous inputs (~ state), are not nonlinearized enough (through a small FFNN). As analogous to attention mechanisms, gates easily filter current information to bold (emphasize on) past inputs. Nonlinearized gates can more easily tune up to peculiar nonlinearities of specific input in the past. This type of nonlinearization is not proposed in the literature, to the best of author's knowledge. The proposed approaches are implemented and compared with a simple LSTM to understand their performance in text classification tasks. The results show they improve accuracy of LSTM.

LSTM改进门控机制序列建模

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