用可学习模型解耦轨迹与梯度,让强化学习更高效稳定
First Order Model-Based RL through Decoupled Backpropagation
- 轨迹用真实模拟器生成,梯度通过可微模型反向传播计算
- 在无梯度仿真器下仍实现高速采样效率,媲美专用优化器
- 适合需要高样本效率的机器人控制任务,尤其真实硬件部署
基于模拟器梯度的强化学习方法能提升学习效率,但获取梯度常因实现成本高或不可用而受限。模型基强化学习(MBRL)可通过学习动力学模型近似梯度,但训练中预测误差累积会降低策略性能。本文提出一种解耦设计:轨迹通过真实模拟器展开,梯度则通过可微学习模型反向传播计算。该混合架构支持高效一致的一阶策略优化,即使在无模拟器梯度时亦可实现,且能从仿真中学习更精确的评判函数。实验验证表明,该方法在基准控制任务上达到如SHAC般高采样效率和速度,同时保持类似PPO的通用性,避免其他一阶MBRL方法的不良行为。在真实Go2四足机器人上,成功应用于四足与双足行走任务。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
There is growing interest in reinforcement learning (RL) methods that leverage the simulator's derivatives to improve learning efficiency. While early gradient-based approaches have demonstrated superior performance compared to derivative-free methods, accessing simulator gradients is often impractical due to their implementation cost or unavailability. Model-based RL (MBRL) can approximate these gradients via learned dynamics models, but the solver efficiency suffers from compounding prediction errors during training rollouts, which can degrade policy performance. We propose an approach that decouples trajectory generation from gradient computation: trajectories are unrolled using a simulator, while gradients are computed via backpropagation through a learned differentiable model of the simulator. This hybrid design enables efficient and consistent first-order policy optimization, even when simulator gradients are unavailable, as well as learning a critic from simulation rollouts, which is more accurate. Our method achieves the sample efficiency and speed of specialized optimizers such as SHAC, while maintaining the generality of standard approaches like PPO and avoiding ill behaviors observed in other first-order MBRL methods. We empirically validate our algorithm on benchmark control tasks and demonstrate its effectiveness on a real Go2 quadruped robot, across both quadrupedal and bipedal locomotion tasks.
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