arXiv:2509.00347cs.LGcs.AI2025-09

用大模型生成任务提示,让离线强化学习更好适应新任务。

LLM-Driven Policy Diffusion: Enhancing Generalization in Offline Reinforcement Learning

  • 结合文本描述和轨迹信息作为提示,引导策略学习。
  • 在未见任务上超越当前最优离线强化学习方法。
  • 适合需要强泛化能力的复杂决策场景研究者。

强化学习(RL)具有强大的决策能力,已广泛应用于各类现实场景。然而,随着离线数据集增多及人类专家在线环境缺乏,离线强化学习中的泛化问题日益突出。由于离线数据的局限性,仅基于收集经验训练的智能体常难以推广到新任务或新环境。为此,我们提出LLM驱动的策略扩散(LLMDPD),通过任务特定提示增强离线强化学习的泛化能力。该方法融合文本任务描述与轨迹提示,利用大语言模型(LLM)理解自然语言并提供丰富上下文,同时使用Transformer编码轨迹提示以捕捉行为模式。这些提示作为条件输入至上下文感知的策略级扩散模型,使智能体能有效泛化至未见任务。实验表明,LLMDPD在未见任务上优于现有先进离线强化学习方法,显著提升了多样环境下的泛化与适应能力。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Reinforcement Learning (RL) is known for its strong decision-making capabilities and has been widely applied in various real-world scenarios. However, with the increasing availability of offline datasets and the lack of well-designed online environments from human experts, the challenge of generalization in offline RL has become more prominent. Due to the limitations of offline data, RL agents trained solely on collected experiences often struggle to generalize to new tasks or environments. To address this challenge, we propose LLM-Driven Policy Diffusion (LLMDPD), a novel approach that enhances generalization in offline RL using task-specific prompts. Our method incorporates both text-based task descriptions and trajectory prompts to guide policy learning. We leverage a large language model (LLM) to process text-based prompts, utilizing its natural language understanding and extensive knowledge base to provide rich task-relevant context. Simultaneously, we encode trajectory prompts using a transformer model, capturing structured behavioral patterns within the underlying transition dynamics. These prompts serve as conditional inputs to a context-aware policy-level diffusion model, enabling the RL agent to generalize effectively to unseen tasks. Our experimental results demonstrate that LLMDPD outperforms state-of-the-art offline RL methods on unseen tasks, highlighting its effectiveness in improving generalization and adaptability in diverse settings.

强化学习离线学习大模型泛化

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