arXiv:2509.00836cs.RO2025-09被引 2

用配置空间距离场提升机器人运动规划效率,1步完成避障且速度超750Hz

One-Step Model Predictive Path Integral for Manipulator Motion Planning Using Configuration Space Distance Fields

  • 结合配置空间距离场与模型预测路径积分,直接在关节空间规划路径
  • 单步计算实现近100%成功率,7自由度机械臂复杂环境仍稳定避障
  • 控制频率超750Hz,显著快于传统优化和标准MPPI方法,适合高实时场景

机器人运动规划是机器人学中的基础问题。经典基于优化的方法通常依赖符号距离场(SDF)的梯度来施加避障约束,但易陷入局部最优,且当SDF梯度消失时可能失效。最近提出的配置空间距离场(CDF)直接建模机器人配置空间中的距离,相比工作空间SDF具有几乎处处可微的特性,提供更可靠的梯度信息。另一方面,无梯度方法如模型预测路径积分(MPPI)通过长时程轨迹采样实现避障,但计算开销大,需大量采样、重复碰撞检测,且代价函数设计困难(涉及不同物理量纲)。本文提出一种将CDF与MPPI结合的框架,实现机器人配置空间中的直接导航。利用CDF梯度,统一关节空间代价函数,将预测时域缩减至一步,大幅降低计算量,同时保持实际避障能力。实验表明,该方法在二维环境中成功率接近100%,在含复杂障碍物的7自由度Franka机械臂仿真中也保持高成功率。此外,控制频率超过750 Hz,显著优于基于优化和标准MPPI的基线方法,验证了所提CDF-MPPI框架在高维运动规划中的高效性与有效性。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Motion planning for robotic manipulators is a fundamental problem in robotics. Classical optimization-based methods typically rely on the gradients of signed distance fields (SDFs) to impose collision-avoidance constraints. However, these methods are susceptible to local minima and may fail when the SDF gradients vanish. Recently, Configuration Space Distance Fields (CDFs) have been introduced, which directly model distances in the robot's configuration space. Unlike workspace SDFs, CDFs are differentiable almost everywhere and thus provide reliable gradient information. On the other hand, gradient-free approaches such as Model Predictive Path Integral (MPPI) control leverage long-horizon rollouts to achieve collision avoidance. While effective, these methods are computationally expensive due to the large number of trajectory samples, repeated collision checks, and the difficulty of designing cost functions with heterogeneous physical units. In this paper, we propose a framework that integrates CDFs with MPPI to enable direct navigation in the robot's configuration space. Leveraging CDF gradients, we unify the MPPI cost in joint-space and reduce the horizon to one step, substantially cutting computation while preserving collision avoidance in practice. We demonstrate that our approach achieves nearly 100% success rates in 2D environments and consistently high success rates in challenging 7-DOF Franka manipulator simulations with complex obstacles. Furthermore, our method attains control frequencies exceeding 750 Hz, substantially outperforming both optimization-based and standard MPPI baselines. These results highlight the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed CDF-MPPI framework for high-dimensional motion planning.

运动规划机械臂MPPI配置空间

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