让学生成果更扎实，需设计更费力的AI工具
Why it is worth making an effort with GenAI
- 用组合式AI+传统方法（如读写笔记）增加使用难度
- 费力使用能提升学习深度与成就感
- 适合想培养元认知与反思能力的学生
学生普遍用ChatGPT等生成式AI辅助写作业，虽省力且产出质量高，但长期依赖可能削弱写作与批判性思维能力。本文探讨如何逆转此趋势：若要求学生在使用AI时付出更多努力，反而可能促进深度学习与自我实现感。这体现一种‘努力悖论’——既想逃避努力，又认可努力的价值。本文提出设计新型AI工具，刻意增加使用复杂度，例如结合阅读笔记与多工具协作；同时倡导构建‘思考型工具’，强化学生的元认知与反思能力，帮助他们在不同情境下灵活调节努力程度。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Students routinely use ChatGPT and the like now to help them with their homework, such as writing an essay. It takes less effort to complete and is easier to do than by hand. It can even produce as good if not better output than the student's own work. However, there is a growing concern that over-reliance on using GenAI in this way will stifle the development of learning writing and critical thinking skills. How might this trend be reversed? What if students were required to make more effort when using GenAI to do their homework? It might be more challenging, but the additional effort involved could result in them learning more and having a greater sense of achievement. This tension can be viewed as a form of effort paradox; where effort is both viewed as something to be avoided but at the same time is valued. Is it possible to let students learn sometimes with less and other times more effort? Students are already adept at the former but what about the latter? Could we design new kinds of AI tools that deliberately require more effort to use to deepen the learning experience? In this paper, I begin to outline what form these might take, for example, asking students to use a combination of GenAI tools with traditional learning approaches (e.g. note-taking while reading). I also discuss how else to design tools to think with that augments human cognition; where students learn more the skills of metacognition and reflection.
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