arXiv:2509.00946eess.IVcs.CV2025-09

融合BIRADS与形态特征的预测模型,可更准判断乳腺病灶恶性风险。

Ultrasound-based detection and malignancy prediction of breast lesions eligible for biopsy: A multi-center clinical-scenario study using nomograms, large language models, and radiologist evaluation

  • 整合BIRADS与量化形态特征,构建融合预测模型。
  • 在多中心数据中准确率达83.0%(活检推荐)和83.8%(恶性预测)。
  • 优于放射科医生和大语言模型,适合临床辅助决策使用。

本研究为一项回顾性多中心、跨国研究,纳入伊朗和土耳其三个中心共1747名经病理确诊的乳腺病变女性患者。从每个病灶提取10个BIRADS特征和26个形态学特征,通过逻辑回归构建了仅含BIRADS、仅含形态学特征及二者融合的三个列线图模型。三位放射科医生(一名资深,两名普通)和两个ChatGPT变体独立评估去标识化乳腺病变图像。在内部及两个外部验证队列中评估活检推荐(BIRADS 4,5)和恶性预测的诊断性能。综合分析显示,融合列线图在活检推荐(准确率83.0%)和恶性预测(准确率83.8%)中表现最佳,其AUC分别为0.901和0.853,显著优于形态学列线图、三位放射科医生及两个ChatGPT模型。外部验证证实该模型在不同超声设备和人群间具有强泛化能力。集成的BIRADS-形态学列线图在指导活检决策和预测恶性风险方面持续优于单一模型、大语言模型及放射科医生。这些可解释且经过外部验证的工具有望减少不必要的活检,提升乳腺影像中的个性化诊疗水平。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

To develop and externally validate integrated ultrasound nomograms combining BIRADS features and quantitative morphometric characteristics, and to compare their performance with expert radiologists and state of the art large language models in biopsy recommendation and malignancy prediction for breast lesions. In this retrospective multicenter, multinational study, 1747 women with pathologically confirmed breast lesions underwent ultrasound across three centers in Iran and Turkey. A total of 10 BIRADS and 26 morphological features were extracted from each lesion. A BIRADS, morphometric, and fused nomogram integrating both feature sets was constructed via logistic regression. Three radiologists (one senior, two general) and two ChatGPT variants independently interpreted deidentified breast lesion images. Diagnostic performance for biopsy recommendation (BIRADS 4,5) and malignancy prediction was assessed in internal and two external validation cohorts. In pooled analysis, the fused nomogram achieved the highest accuracy for biopsy recommendation (83.0%) and malignancy prediction (83.8%), outperforming the morphometric nomogram, three radiologists and both ChatGPT models. Its AUCs were 0.901 and 0.853 for the two tasks, respectively. In addition, the performance of the BIRADS nomogram was significantly higher than the morphometric nomogram, three radiologists and both ChatGPT models for biopsy recommendation and malignancy prediction. External validation confirmed the robust generalizability across different ultrasound platforms and populations. An integrated BIRADS morphometric nomogram consistently outperforms standalone models, LLMs, and radiologists in guiding biopsy decisions and predicting malignancy. These interpretable, externally validated tools have the potential to reduce unnecessary biopsies and enhance personalized decision making in breast imaging.

乳腺超声列线图恶性预测AI辅助

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