arXiv:2509.01557cs.CV2025-09

无需专用硬件,实时抑制超声治疗干扰

Real-Time Hardware-Free HIFU Interference Suppression via Teacher-Student Diffusion Framework

  • 用扩散模型分离解剖结构与干扰信号
  • 重建质量达26.65 dB PSNR,推理速度达20 FPS
  • 适合临床实时超声引导的HIFU治疗场景

高强度聚焦超声(HIFU)是一种无创治疗技术,但在连续超声引导下常受严重声学干扰影响安全性和效果。传统方法依赖专有的射频(RF)数据或复杂硬件同步,限制了临床应用和实时性。为此,我们提出流形约束超连接扩散模型(mHC-Diff),一种无需硬件同步、基于图像域的实时干扰抑制框架,可在保持高重建保真度的同时解耦复杂干扰与解剖结构。该方法采用两阶段策略:(i) 利用多步UNet作为高保真教师模型获取解剖先验;(ii) 通过知识蒸馏将先验压缩为单步学生模型,实现实时推理。在涵盖多种治疗场景的临床代表性数据集上验证显示,mHC-Diff达到26.65 dB PSNR的优异重建性能,且在单张NVIDIA RTX 4090上实现约20 FPS的实时推理,相比迭代扩散基线(如HIFU-Diff)提升约6.8倍速度。该框架无需专用硬件同步和私有RF数据,具备良好兼容性,可支持超声引导HIFU术中实时干扰抑制。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) is a non-invasive therapy, yet its safety is often degraded by severe acoustic interference during continuous ultrasound guidance. Conventional HIFU interference suppression methods heavily rely on proprietary raw Radio-Frequency (RF) data or complex hardware synchronization, limiting their clinical utility and preventing real-time implementation. To address this limitation, we propose Manifold-Constrained Hyper-Connections Diffusion (mHC-Diff), an image-domain diffusion framework for real-time interference suppression without specialized hardware synchronization, disentangling complex interference from anatomical structures while ensuring high reconstruction fidelity. To achieve clinical real-time application, our approach employs a two-stage strategy: (i) anatomy-aware prior acquisition, where a diffusion model is trained with multi-step UNet as a highfidelity Teacher; and (ii) efficiency distillation, where this prior is distilled into a one-step Student via knowledge distillation to achieve real-time throughput. Extensive validation on a clinically representative dataset across diverse therapeutic scenarios shows that mHC-Diff achieves superior restoration (26.65 dB PSNR), while enabling real-time inference (~20 FPS) on a single NVIDIA RTX 4090, providing a ~6.8x speedup over iterative diffusion baselines (e.g., HIFU-Diff). By eliminating the requirement for specialized hardware synchronization and proprietary RF access, this image-domain framework ensures compatibility and facilitates real-time interference suppression during ultrasound-guided HIFU interventions.

超声治疗扩散模型实时处理

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