让多智能体轨迹规划更高效,能自适应不同团队规模。
DiffCoord: Differentiable Coordination for Distributed Multi-Agent Trajectory Optimization
- 用可微分方法联合优化协调与任务参数,提升分布式规划效率。
- 在真实无人机编队实验中,比现有方法快70%且适应不同负载和人数。
- 适合需要动态调整编队的机器人协同系统研究者使用。
将交替方向乘子法(ADMM)与微分动态规划(DDP)结合,构建了可扩展的分布式多智能体轨迹优化框架。实践中,为提高效率常截断ADMM,导致协调质量与任务性能参数紧密耦合。本文提出可微分协调(DiffCoord),通过元学习统一优化这些耦合参数。参数由各智能体的神经网络生成,同构智能体共享网络以支持不同数量扩展。通过端到端反向传播实现高效元学习,得到一个辅助的ADMM-LQR分布式梯度求解器,可计算并协调参数的元梯度。该求解器复用原流程的关键计算结果,支持沿轨迹和智能体并行化。在合作空中运输系统中验证,能安全地在狭小空间内重构六自由度负载的四旋翼编队。对不同团队规模和负载动态具有强鲁棒性,相比最优轨迹梯度方法,单智能体梯度计算时间减少最高达70%。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Integrating the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) with Differential Dynamic Programming (DDP) provides a scalable framework for distributed multi-agent trajectory optimization. In practice, ADMM is typically truncated for computational efficiency, tightly coupling parameters that would otherwise separately govern coordination quality and task performance. In this paper, we propose Differentiable Coordination (DiffCoord), a unified framework that jointly meta-learns these coupled parameters for the truncated ADMM-DDP pipeline. These parameters are generated by agent-wise neural networks for task adaptation, and the same networks are shared among isomorphic agents to enable scalability to varying agent counts. We achieve efficient meta-learning by differentiating the ADMM-DDP pipeline end-to-end. Notably, this yields an auxiliary ADMM-LQR distributed gradient solver that computes and coordinates meta-gradients with respect to these parameters. This solver inherits the computational structure of the pipeline, enabling reuse of key computation results and efficient parallelization over agents and along trajectory horizons. We validate DiffCoord through numerical and physical experiments on a cooperative aerial transport system, where it reconfigures quadrotor formations for safe 6-DoF load manipulation in tight spaces. It adapts robustly to varying team sizes and load dynamics, while reducing per-agent gradient computation time by up to 70% compared with state-of-the-art trajectory-gradient methods.
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