arXiv:2509.01641eess.SPcs.AI2025-09被引 1

提出非一致扩散模型,提升无线多输入多输出信道生成精度。

Non-Identical Diffusion Models in MIMO-OFDM Channel Generation

  • 用元素级时间指示器替代全局噪声索引,精准捕捉局部误差变化。
  • 在初始估计偏差大的场景下,信道恢复准确率显著优于传统方法。
  • 适合需高精度信道建模的5G/6G通信系统研究者使用。

本文提出一种新型扩散模型——非一致扩散模型,并将其应用于无线正交频分复用(OFDM)信道生成。与标准扩散模型采用标量时间索引表示全局噪声水平不同,本文将该概念扩展为逐元素时间指示器,更准确地刻画输入中各元素的局部误差变化。非一致扩散能表征每个元素(如OFDM子载波)的可靠性,从而在初始化存在偏差时获得更优生成结果。重点针对多输入多输出(MIMO)-OFDM信道矩阵恢复问题,其初始信道估计在不同子载波上可靠性差异显著,源于导频分配方案。传统时间嵌入假设噪声均匀演进,无法捕捉此类跨导频方案和噪声水平的异质性。为此,本文引入与输入尺寸匹配的矩阵,以控制逐元素噪声演进过程。在保持与现有方法类似扩散流程的基础上,理论与数值实验均验证了所提非一致扩散方案的有效性与正确性。此外,还设计并评估多种训练与生成策略,通过数值实验进行对比分析。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

We propose a novel diffusion model, termed the non-identical diffusion model, and investigate its application to wireless orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) channel generation. Unlike the standard diffusion model that uses a scalar-valued time index to represent the global noise level, we extend this notion to an element-wise time indicator to capture local error variations more accurately. Non-identical diffusion enables us to characterize the reliability of each element (e.g., subcarriers in OFDM) within the noisy input, leading to improved generation results when the initialization is biased. Specifically, we focus on the recovery of wireless multi-input multi-output (MIMO) OFDM channel matrices, where the initial channel estimates exhibit highly uneven reliability across elements due to the pilot scheme. Conventional time embeddings, which assume uniform noise progression, fail to capture such variability across pilot schemes and noise levels. We introduce a matrix that matches the input size to control element-wise noise progression. Following a similar diffusion procedure to existing methods, we show the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed non-identical diffusion scheme both theoretically and numerically. For MIMO-OFDM channel generation, we propose a dimension-wise time embedding strategy. We also develop and evaluate multiple training and generation methods and compare them through numerical experiments.

扩散模型信道生成MIMO-OFDM无线通信

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