arXiv:2509.01656cs.CVcs.CL2025-09被引 32

用强化学习让大模型更会用视觉工具,解决复杂视觉推理难题。

Reinforced Visual Perception with Tools

  • 基于GRPO的强化学习算法,训练模型使用四种视觉工具进行推理。
  • 在CV-Bench等基准上,3B和7B模型分别领先指令模型9.03%和9.44%。
  • 适用于需要多步视觉分析与工具调用的智能系统研发者。

视觉推理是人类智能的核心,涉及复杂的感知与逻辑过程,对解决多样视觉问题至关重要。尽管计算机视觉进展带来了强大的感知模型,但将其用于通用视觉推理仍具挑战。先前工作通过监督微调将视觉模型与大语言模型结合,但存在数据生成成本高、依赖精细数据筛选及泛化能力差等问题。为此,我们提出ReVPT,通过强化学习提升多模态大模型对视觉工具的推理与使用能力。设计了一种基于GRPO的新颖强化学习算法,训练模型使用四类视觉工具进行推理。大量实验表明,该方法在多个以感知为主的基准(如SAT、CV-Bench、BLINK、MMStar)上达到当前最优性能,显著优于监督微调与纯文本强化学习基线。尤其在CV-Bench上,ReVPT-3B与ReVPT-7B分别比指令模型提升9.03%和9.44%。最后,通过广泛消融实验,为基于强化学习的视觉工具使用提供了新见解。代码已开源:https://github.com/ls-kelvin/REVPT。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Visual reasoning, a cornerstone of human intelligence, encompasses complex perceptual and logical processes essential for solving diverse visual problems. While advances in computer vision have produced powerful models for various perceptual tasks, leveraging these for general visual reasoning remains challenging. Prior work demonstrates that augmenting LLMs with vision models via supervised finetuning improves performance, but faces key limitations such as expensive data generation, reliance on careful data filtering, and poor generalization. To address these issues, we propose ReVPT to enhance multi-modal LLMs' abilities to reason about and use visual tools through reinforcement learning. We introduce a novel RL algorithm based on GRPO, designed to train models to reason with a suite of four visual tools. Through extensive experiments, we show that our method achieves state-of-the-art performance on several perception-heavy benchmarks, including SAT, CV-Bench, BLINK and MMStar, significantly outperforming the supervised and text-based RL finetuning baselines. Notably, Our ReVPT-3B and ReVPT-7B outperform the instruct models by 9.03% and 9.44% on CV-Bench. Finally, we bring to the community new insights on RL-based visual tool-usage through extensive ablations. Our code is available at https://github.com/ls-kelvin/REVPT.

视觉推理强化学习多模态工具使用

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