用量子退火器训练变分量子算法,省时高效。
QUBO-based training for VQAs on Quantum Annealers
- 将参数优化转为可直接在量子退火器上求解的QUBO问题。
- 相比经典和进化优化器,计算开销显著降低,解质量相当或更优。
- 适合解决梯度消失、噪声大的变分量子算法训练难题。
量子退火器为大规模组合优化问题提供有效框架。本文提出一种新方法,将变分量子算法(VQA)的参数优化任务重新建模为无约束二次二值优化(QUBO)问题。与传统基于梯度的方法不同,该方法直接利用所选VQA试探态的哈密顿量,并采用自适应元启发式优化策略。该策略具备丰富的可调参数,能根据具体问题特征和可用计算资源进行适配。所提框架可推广至任意哈密顿量,并集成递归精化策略,逐步逼近高质量解。实验表明,该方法具备可行性,相比经典和进化优化器显著降低计算开销,同时获得相当或更优的解质量。结果表明,量子退火器可作为近中期量子计算中变分量子算法训练的可扩展替代方案,尤其适用于受平谷问题和噪声梯度估计影响的场景,为混合量子门-量子退火-经典优化模型开辟新路径。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Quantum annealers provide an effective framework for solving large-scale combinatorial optimization problems. This work presents a novel methodology for training Variational Quantum Algorithms (VQAs) by reformulating the parameter optimization task as a Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) problem. Unlike traditional gradient-based methods, our approach directly leverages the Hamiltonian of the chosen VQA ansatz and employs an adaptive, metaheuristic optimization scheme. This optimization strategy provides a rich set of configurable parameters which enables the adaptation to specific problem characteristics and available computational resources. The proposed framework is generalizable to arbitrary Hamiltonians and integrates a recursive refinement strategy to progressively approximate high-quality solutions. Experimental evaluations demonstrate the feasibility of the method and its ability to significantly reduce computational overhead compared to classical and evolutionary optimizers, while achieving comparable or superior solution quality. These findings suggest that quantum annealers can serve as a scalable alternative to classical optimizers for VQA training, particularly in scenarios affected by barren plateaus and noisy gradient estimates, and open new possibilities for hybrid quantum gate - quantum annealing - classical optimization models in near-term quantum computing.
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