arXiv:2509.02971stat.MLcs.LG2025-09被引 5

针对多尺度科学数据生成中的数值不稳定性问题,提出自适应噪声与插值方案。

Scale-Adaptive Generative Flows for Multiscale Scientific Data

  • 在函数空间设计匹配谱的噪声分布,确保模型在高分辨率下稳定
  • 对高斯与非高斯目标数据生成,精度提升且计算成本更低
  • 适合需要高保真多尺度模拟的科研人员使用

基于流的生成模型在具有多尺度傅里叶谱的科学数据上常面临数值挑战,尤其在细尺度产生大误差。本文在流匹配与随机插值框架下,通过合理设计噪声分布和插值调度来解决此问题。在函数空间中建模可保证分辨率提高时模型仍保持良好定义;漂移项的Lipschitz正则性既保障了函数空间适定性,也控制了固定分辨率下的积分成本。核心观察是:噪声粗糙度应至少与目标分布的傅里叶谱衰减速率相当,才能使Lipschitz常数有限。对于已知细尺度结构的高斯及近高斯目标,匹配谱噪声相比标准白噪声更高效。对于更复杂的非高斯目标,仅靠匹配谱噪声不足,因此提出尺度自适应插值调度以缓解噪声比数据更粗糙时带来的终态刚性问题。在合成高斯随机场以及随机Allen-Cahn和Navier-Stokes方程不变测度上的数值实验验证了该方法,证明其能以更低计算成本生成高质量样本。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Flow-based generative models can face numerical challenges on scientific data with multiscale Fourier spectra, often producing large errors at fine scales. We approach this problem within the flow matching and stochastic interpolants framework, through the principled design of noise distributions and interpolation schedules. Working in function space ensures that the generative model remains well defined as the resolution is refined; the Lipschitz regularity of the drift is important to both this function-space well-posedness and the integration cost at fixed resolution. The central observation is that the noise should be at least as rough as the target distribution -- measured by Fourier-spectrum decay -- in order to keep the Lipschitz constant finite. For Gaussian and near-Gaussian targets whose fine-scale structure is known, matched-spectrum noise improves numerical efficiency over standard white-noise choices. For more complex non-Gaussian targets, matched-spectrum noise may not be sufficient, and we propose scale-adaptive interpolation schedules to mitigate the terminal-time stiffness that arises when the noise is rougher than the data. Numerical experiments on synthetic Gaussian random fields and on invariant measures of the stochastic Allen--Cahn and Navier--Stokes equations illustrate the approach and demonstrate its ability to generate high-fidelity samples at lower computational cost than traditional approaches.

生成模型多尺度数据流模型

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