用生成模型捕捉对称性破缺下的多重稳定解,突破传统方法平均化缺陷。
Equivariant Flow Matching for Symmetry-Breaking Bifurcation Problems
- 结合流匹配与等变架构,通过最优传输耦合实现对称性保持的生成建模。
- 在梁屈曲、Allen-Cahn方程等系统中准确再现多模态解分布和对称性破缺现象。
- 适合研究高维非线性动力系统中多稳态行为的科研人员,尤其关注概率建模者。
非线性动力系统中的分岔现象常导致多个共存的稳定解,尤其在对称性破缺时更为显著。传统确定性机器学习模型无法捕捉这种多重性,会平均不同解,无法表征低对称性结果。本文将生成式AI,特别是流匹配,形式化为建模分岔结果全概率分布的合理方法。该方法结合流匹配与等变架构,引入基于最优传输的耦合机制,提出一种对称性对齐的耦合策略,在群作用下保持预测与目标输出的一致性,从而实现等变设置下的精确学习。我们在从概念模型到物理问题(如屈曲梁、Allen-Cahn方程)等多种系统上验证了该方法,结果表明其能准确捕捉多模态分布和对称性破缺分岔。此外,相比非概率与变分方法,流匹配表现显著更优,为高维系统中多稳态建模提供了原理清晰且可扩展的解决方案。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Bifurcation phenomena in nonlinear dynamical systems often lead to multiple coexisting stable solutions, particularly in the presence of symmetry breaking. Deterministic machine learning models are unable to capture this multiplicity, averaging over solutions and failing to represent lower-symmetry outcomes. In this work, we formalize the use of generative AI, specifically flow matching, as a principled way to model the full probability distribution over bifurcation outcomes. Our approach builds on existing techniques by combining flow matching with equivariant architectures and an optimal-transport-based coupling mechanism. We generalize equivariant flow matching to a symmetric coupling strategy that aligns predicted and target outputs under group actions, allowing accurate learning in equivariant settings. We validate our approach on a range of systems, from simple conceptual systems to physical problems such as buckling beams and the Allen--Cahn equation. The results demonstrate that the approach accurately captures multimodal distributions and symmetry-breaking bifurcations. Moreover, our results demonstrate that flow matching significantly outperforms non-probabilistic and variational methods. This offers a principled and scalable solution for modeling multistability in high-dimensional systems.
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