仿桌腿耗散力学,让无人机群无通信自稳运货。
Self-Organizing Aerial Swarm Robotics for Resilient Load Transportation : A Table-Mechanics-Inspired Approach
- 用局部感知+耗散力模型实现无通信自组织稳定
- 实测单机故障下成功率94%,抗负载变25%、缆长变40%
- 适合通信受限的灾后救援、物流运输场景
相比现有方法在可扩展性、通信依赖性和动态故障鲁棒性上的不足,机器人蜂群协同空中运输在物流与灾害响应中具有变革潜力。本文提出一种受物理机制启发的协作运输方法,模仿桌腿负载分布的耗散力学特性。通过构建去中心化的耗散力模型,系统可在无需显式通信的情况下实现自主形态稳定与自适应载荷分配。每架无人机基于邻近无人机与悬挂负载动态调整位置,类似能量耗散的桌腿反应。控制系统的稳定性得到严格证明。仿真显示,在能力变化、缆绳不确定、视野受限和载荷变化四种情况下,追踪误差分别为现有方法的20%、68%、55.5%和21.9%。六架飞行机器人的真实实验中,系统在单机故障、断连事件、25%载荷变化及40%缆长不确定性下仍达成94%成功率,且可在贝氏风力等级4的户外风况下稳定运行。该物理启发方法融合群体智能与机械稳定性,为异构空中系统在通信受限环境下集体完成复杂运输任务提供可扩展框架。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
In comparison with existing approaches, which struggle with scalability, communication dependency, and robustness against dynamic failures, cooperative aerial transportation via robot swarms holds transformative potential for logistics and disaster response. Here, we present a physics-inspired cooperative transportation approach for flying robot swarms that imitates the dissipative mechanics of table-leg load distribution. By developing a decentralized dissipative force model, our approach enables autonomous formation stabilization and adaptive load allocation without the requirement of explicit communication. Based on local neighbor robots and the suspended payload, each robot dynamically adjusts its position. This is similar to energy-dissipating table leg reactions. The stability of the resultant control system is rigorously proved. Simulations demonstrate that the tracking errors of the proposed approach are 20%, 68%, 55.5%, and 21.9% of existing approaches under the cases of capability variation, cable uncertainty, limited vision, and payload variation, respectively. In real-world experiments with six flying robots, the cooperative aerial transportation system achieved a 94% success rate under single-robot failure, disconnection events, 25% payload variation, and 40% cable length uncertainty, demonstrating strong robustness under outdoor winds up to Beaufort scale 4. Overall, this physics-inspired approach bridges swarm intelligence and mechanical stability principles, offering a scalable framework for heterogeneous aerial systems to collectively handle complex transportation tasks in communication-constrained environments.
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