arXiv:2509.03813cs.LG2025-09

用激光雷达数据分类室内表面反射特性,提升高频无线网络连接稳定性。

Machine Learning for LiDAR-Based Indoor Surface Classification in Intelligent Wireless Environments

  • 基于激光雷达点云提取几何与强度特征,判断表面粗糙度
  • 集成树模型在78000个点上实现高精度分类,最优准确率超90%
  • 适合研究智能无线环境、波束管理与数字孪生的工程师和研究人员

毫米波与亚太赫兹网络的可靠连接依赖周围表面的反射特性,因高频信号易被遮挡。表面散射行为不仅由材料介电常数决定,还受粗糙度影响,进而决定能量是否保持镜面反射或发生漫反射。本文提出一种基于激光雷达的机器学习框架,将室内表面分为半镜面与低镜面两类,以光学反射率作为电磁散射行为的代理指标。采集了来自15种典型室内材料的超过7.8万个点,并划分为3厘米×3厘米的局部区域用于部分视图分类。提取了包含俯仰角、自然对数缩放强度及最大值均值比等在内的局部特征,训练了随机森林、XGBoost与神经网络分类器。结果表明,集成树模型在准确率与鲁棒性之间表现最佳,证实激光雷达特征能有效捕捉粗糙度引起的散射效应。该框架可生成具备散射感知能力的环境地图与数字孪生,支持下一代网络中的自适应波束管理、遮挡恢复与环境感知连接。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Reliable connectivity in millimeter-wave (mmWave) and sub-terahertz (sub-THz) networks depends on reflections from surrounding surfaces, as high-frequency signals are highly vulnerable to blockage. The scattering behavior of a surface is determined not only by material permittivity but also by roughness, which governs whether energy remains in the specular direction or is diffusely scattered. This paper presents a LiDAR-driven machine learning framework for classifying indoor surfaces into semi-specular and low-specular categories, using optical reflectivity as a proxy for electromagnetic scattering behavior. A dataset of over 78,000 points from 15 representative indoor materials was collected and partitioned into 3 cm x 3 cm patches to enable classification from partial views. Patch-level features capturing geometry and intensity, including elevation angle, natural-log-scaled intensity, and max-to-mean ratio, were extracted and used to train Random Forest, XGBoost, and neural network classifiers. Results show that ensemble tree-based models consistently provide the best trade-off between accuracy and robustness, confirming that LiDAR-derived features capture roughness-induced scattering effects. The proposed framework enables the generation of scatter aware environment maps and digital twins, supporting adaptive beam management, blockage recovery, and environment-aware connectivity in next-generation networks.

LiDAR表面分类无线网络数字孪生

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