arXiv:2509.04094cs.RO2025-09被引 1

让机器人移动机械臂时自动对准物体最未知区域,提升重建效率且提速超6倍。

Object-Reconstruction-Aware Whole-body Control of Mobile Manipulators

  • 通过计算最信息量区域的焦点点,引导相机持续对准关键位置。
  • 重建熵与采样法无显著差异,但计算速度提升6.2至19.36倍。
  • 适用于移动机械臂与腿式机械臂,实测可减少视场切换时间13.76%~27.9%。

物体重建与检测任务在机器人应用中至关重要。识别能揭示物体最多未知区域的路径是提升重建效率的关键。现有方法多采用基于采样的路径规划,沿路径评估多个视角以优化重建效果,但计算成本高,需评估多个候选视角。为此,本文提出一种高效方案:计算最信息量区域的焦点点,并使机器人在路径上保持该点始终在相机视野内。通过将物体重建信息融入全身体控并引入可视性约束,无需额外路径规划器即可实现高效控制。我们在包含114个不同尺寸、57类物体的大规模真实仿真数据集上,使用贝叶斯数据分析对比了本方法与基于采样的策略及非信息导向策略。此外,为验证方法普适性,我们还使用8自由度全向移动机械臂和足式机械臂进行了真实实验。结果表明,与采样法相比,重建熵无统计学差异,有52.3%概率在覆盖率上实际等效;而本方法计算时间快6.2至19.36倍,视场切换总耗时减少13.76%至27.9%,具体取决于相机视场角和模型分辨率。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Object reconstruction and inspection tasks play a crucial role in various robotics applications. Identifying paths that reveal the most unknown areas of the object is paramount in this context, as it directly affects reconstruction efficiency. Current methods often use sampling based path planning techniques, evaluating views along the path to enhance reconstruction performance. However, these methods are computationally expensive as they require evaluating several candidate views on the path. To this end, we propose a computationally efficient solution that relies on calculating a focus point in the most informative region and having the robot maintain this point in the camera field of view along the path. In this way, object reconstruction related information is incorporated into the whole body control of a mobile manipulator employing a visibility constraint without the need for an additional path planner. We conducted comprehensive and realistic simulations using a large dataset of 114 diverse objects of varying sizes from 57 categories to compare our method with a sampling based planning strategy and a strategy that does not employ informative paths using Bayesian data analysis. Furthermore, to demonstrate the applicability and generality of the proposed approach, we conducted real world experiments with an 8 DoF omnidirectional mobile manipulator and a legged manipulator. Our results suggest that, compared to a sampling based strategy, there is no statistically significant difference in object reconstruction entropy, and there is a 52.3% probability that they are practically equivalent in terms of coverage. In contrast, our method is 6.2 to 19.36 times faster in terms of computation time and reduces the total time the robot spends between views by 13.76% to 27.9%, depending on the camera FoV and model resolution.

机器人控制物体重建路径规划全身体控

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