用检索增强生成技术,让医生和公众更快找到可靠的医学文献答案。
Biomedical Literature Q&A System Using Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG)
- 结合文献与百科,用语义搜索+大模型生成精准答案。
- 在乳腺癌领域测试中,答案准确率比基线提升显著(BERTScore F1)。
- 适合临床研究者、医学生及关注健康信息的普通人使用。
本文提出一种基于检索增强生成(RAG)架构的生物医学文献问答系统,旨在提升获取准确、基于证据的医学信息的效率。针对传统健康搜索引擎的局限性以及公众获取生物医学研究滞后的问题,该系统整合了包括PubMed文章、精调问答数据集和医学百科在内的多种来源,通过检索相关文献并生成上下文相关的简洁回答。检索模块采用基于MiniLM的语义嵌入与FAISS向量搜索,答案生成则由微调后的Mistral-7B-v0.3语言模型完成,并使用QLoRA优化以实现高效低资源训练。系统支持通用医学查询与领域特定任务,对乳腺癌文献的专项评估验证了领域对齐检索的价值。实证结果以BERTScore(F1)为指标,显示其在事实一致性和语义相关性方面较基线模型有显著提升。研究证实,RAG增强的大模型能有效弥合复杂生物医学文献与可及公共健康知识之间的鸿沟,为未来多语言适配、隐私保护推理及个性化医疗AI系统奠定基础。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
This work presents a Biomedical Literature Question Answering (Q&A) system based on a Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) architecture, designed to improve access to accurate, evidence-based medical information. Addressing the shortcomings of conventional health search engines and the lag in public access to biomedical research, the system integrates diverse sources, including PubMed articles, curated Q&A datasets, and medical encyclopedias ,to retrieve relevant information and generate concise, context-aware responses. The retrieval pipeline uses MiniLM-based semantic embeddings and FAISS vector search, while answer generation is performed by a fine-tuned Mistral-7B-v0.3 language model optimized using QLoRA for efficient, low-resource training. The system supports both general medical queries and domain-specific tasks, with a focused evaluation on breast cancer literature demonstrating the value of domain-aligned retrieval. Empirical results, measured using BERTScore (F1), show substantial improvements in factual consistency and semantic relevance compared to baseline models. The findings underscore the potential of RAG-enhanced language models to bridge the gap between complex biomedical literature and accessible public health knowledge, paving the way for future work on multilingual adaptation, privacy-preserving inference, and personalized medical AI systems.
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