arXiv:2509.05550cs.AI2025-09被引 1

不用注意力机制的树形网络,用邻接连接实现高效结构化推理

TreeGPT: Pure TreeFFN Encoder-Decoder Architecture for Structured Reasoning Without Attention Mechanisms

  • 采用双向树形前馈网络并行处理序列依赖关系
  • 在ARC Prize 2025上达99%验证准确率,仅用316万参数
  • 适合追求计算效率的结构化推理任务研究者

我们提出TreeGPT,一种无需注意力机制的纯树形前馈网络编码器-解码器架构,用于结构化推理任务。与依赖注意力的传统Transformer不同,TreeGPT通过双向树形前馈网络(TreeFFN)组件,利用相邻节点间的并行连接处理序列,实现计算效率提升的同时保持推理能力。其核心设计为:编码器(左→右)+ 解码器(右←左)→ 并行处理,分别捕捉左到右与右到左的依赖关系,仅通过简单的邻接连接实现。该设计完全消除注意力计算,仍具备序列建模能力。我们在ARC Prize 2025数据集上评估,模型仅用316万参数即达到99%验证准确率,训练1500步内收敛,在部分样本上实现100%的词级别准确率。初步结果表明,对特定结构化推理任务,专用的树形前馈架构可能优于注意力方法。尽管如此,仍需在更多任务和数据集上进一步验证其普适性。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

We present TreeGPT, an attention-free neural architecture that explores the potential of pure TreeFFN encoder-decoder design for structured reasoning tasks. Unlike traditional transformer approaches that rely on attention mechanisms, TreeGPT employs bidirectional TreeFFN components that process sequences through adjacent connections in parallel, aiming to achieve computational efficiency while maintaining reasoning capabilities. Our approach centers on a TreeFFN Encoder-Decoder mechanism: $$\text{Encoder TreeFFN (L} \rightarrow \text{R)} + \text{Decoder TreeFFN (R} \leftarrow \text{L)} \rightarrow \text{Parallel Processing}$$ where the encoder processes left-to-right dependencies while the decoder handles right-to-left patterns, both using simple neighbor-to-neighbor connections. This design eliminates attention computation while maintaining sequence modeling capabilities. We evaluate our approach on the ARC Prize 2025 dataset, where TreeGPT achieves 99\% validation accuracy using 3.16M parameters. The model converges within 1500 training steps and demonstrates 100\% token-level accuracy on selected evaluation samples. Our preliminary results suggest that for certain structured reasoning tasks, specialized TreeFFN architectures may offer advantages over attention-based approaches. While these findings are encouraging, we acknowledge that further investigation across diverse tasks and datasets would be valuable to establish the broader applicability of attention-free designs.

结构化推理树形网络无注意力

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