用自动特征工程增强决策导向学习,降低储能系统运行成本。
Decision-Focused Learning Enhanced by Automated Feature Engineering for Energy Storage Optimisation
- 结合自动特征工程与决策导向学习,统一优化预测与决策
- 在真实英国数据集上,成本比传统方法低22.9%-56.5%
- 适合电力储能、能源管理等需要小样本高精度决策的场景
能源管理中的不确定性决策因未知参数而复杂化,尤其在电池储能系统(BESS)运营中。传统的预测-再优化(PTO)方法将预测与优化分离,导致预测误差传递至决策环节,因模型仅最小化预测误差而非下游任务。新兴的决策导向学习(DFL)通过融合预测与优化克服此缺陷,但其仍较新,主要验证于合成数据或小规模问题,缺乏真实场景证据。实际BESS应用面临更大波动性与数据稀缺性。本文引入自动特征工程(AFE),提升表示能力,构建适用于小样本的AFE-DFL框架,同时预测电价与负荷并优化储能调度以最小化成本。在新的英国真实房产数据集上验证,对比不同配置的DFL与PTO方法。结果显示,平均而言,DFL成本低于PTO;加入AFE后,DFL性能相比无AFE版本提升22.9%–56.5%。该结果为DFL在真实场景中的可行性提供实证支持,表明领域特定的AFE能增强DFL表现,减少对领域知识依赖,带来显著经济收益,并对类似挑战的能源管理系统具广泛意义。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Decision-making under uncertainty in energy management is complicated by unknown parameters hindering optimal strategies, particularly in Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) operations. Predict-Then-Optimise (PTO) approaches treat forecasting and optimisation as separate processes, allowing prediction errors to cascade into suboptimal decisions as models minimise forecasting errors rather than optimising downstream tasks. The emerging Decision-Focused Learning (DFL) methods overcome this limitation by integrating prediction and optimisation; however, they are relatively new and have been tested primarily on synthetic datasets or small-scale problems, with limited evidence of their practical viability. Real-world BESS applications present additional challenges, including greater variability and data scarcity due to collection constraints and operational limitations. Because of these challenges, this work leverages Automated Feature Engineering (AFE) to extract richer representations and improve the nascent approach of DFL. We propose an AFE-DFL framework suitable for small datasets that forecasts electricity prices and demand while optimising BESS operations to minimise costs. We validate its effectiveness on a novel real-world UK property dataset. The evaluation compares DFL methods against PTO, with and without AFE. The results show that, on average, DFL yields lower operating costs than PTO and adding AFE further improves the performance of DFL methods by 22.9-56.5% compared to the same models without AFE. These findings provide empirical evidence for DFL's practical viability in real-world settings, indicating that domain-specific AFE enhances DFL and reduces reliance on domain expertise for BESS optimisation, yielding economic benefits with broader implications for energy management systems facing similar challenges.
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