arXiv:2509.05867cs.CLcs.AI2025-09被引 2

用图检索增强生成技术,让中医方剂模型更准确、更可信。

ZhiFangDanTai: Fine-tuning Graph-based Retrieval-Augmented Generation Model for Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula

  • 构建图结构知识库,结合检索与生成,精准提取方剂信息。
  • 在真实临床数据上,生成方剂的完整组成和详细解释准确率提升23%。
  • 适合中医智能诊疗、AI辅助开方的研究者与开发者使用。

中医方剂在治疗疫病和复杂疾病中具有重要作用。现有模型多采用传统算法或深度学习分析方剂关系,但缺乏完整的方剂组成及详尽解释。尽管近期研究利用中医指令数据集微调大语言模型以实现可解释的方剂生成,但现有数据集仍缺少关键信息,如君臣佐使角色、功效、禁忌症、舌脉辨证限制,影响模型输出深度。为此,我们提出ZhiFangDanTai框架,融合基于图的检索增强生成(GraphRAG)与大模型微调。该框架利用GraphRAG检索并整合结构化中医知识,生成简洁摘要,并构建增强型指令数据集以提升模型融合检索信息的能力。此外,我们提供了新的理论证明,表明将GraphRAG与微调结合可降低中医方剂任务中的泛化误差与幻觉率。在自建及临床数据集上的实验结果表明,ZhiFangDanTai显著优于现有最先进模型。代码已开源:https://huggingface.co/tczzx6/ZhiFangDanTai1.0。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) formulas play a significant role in treating epidemics and complex diseases. Existing models for TCM utilize traditional algorithms or deep learning techniques to analyze formula relationships, yet lack comprehensive results, such as complete formula compositions and detailed explanations. Although recent efforts have used TCM instruction datasets to fine-tune Large Language Models (LLMs) for explainable formula generation, existing datasets lack sufficient details, such as the roles of the formula's sovereign, minister, assistant, courier; efficacy; contraindications; tongue and pulse diagnosis-limiting the depth of model outputs. To address these challenges, we propose ZhiFangDanTai, a framework combining Graph-based Retrieval-Augmented Generation (GraphRAG) with LLM fine-tuning. ZhiFangDanTai uses GraphRAG to retrieve and synthesize structured TCM knowledge into concise summaries, while also constructing an enhanced instruction dataset to improve LLMs' ability to integrate retrieved information. Furthermore, we provide novel theoretical proofs demonstrating that integrating GraphRAG with fine-tuning techniques can reduce generalization error and hallucination rates in the TCM formula task. Experimental results on both collected and clinical datasets demonstrate that ZhiFangDanTai achieves significant improvements over state-of-the-art models. Our model is open-sourced at https://huggingface.co/tczzx6/ZhiFangDanTai1.0.

中医AI图神经网络生成模型知识增强

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