arXiv:2509.06053cs.LGcs.AI2025-09被引 1

用大模型自动生成可解释的多人游戏策略,大幅减少训练成本。

PolicyEvolve: Evolving Programmatic Policies by LLMs for multi-player games via Population-Based Training

  • 通过种群进化框架,结合大模型生成规则化策略
  • 仅需少量环境交互即达高胜率,超越传统强化学习
  • 适合需要可解释性与高效推理的多智能体场景

多智能体强化学习在自对弈中已取得显著进展,但训练有效对抗策略需数百万经验样本及大量计算资源,且策略缺乏可解释性。近期研究利用大语言模型(LLMs)为单智能体任务生成可解释的程序化策略,将神经网络策略转化为高效执行的规则代码。受此启发,我们提出 PolicyEvolve,一个面向多人游戏的通用程序化策略生成框架。该框架显著降低对手工编写策略代码的依赖,在极少环境交互下实现高性能策略。系统包含四个模块:全局池(保存迭代中积累的精英策略)、局部池(存储当前迭代临时策略,仅高绩效者晋升至全局池)、策略规划器(从全局池采样前三策略,结合环境信息生成初始策略,并通过轨迹评判器反馈进行优化)和轨迹评判器(分析当前策略交互数据,识别漏洞并提出改进方向)。优化后策略存入局部池,迭代持续进行直至新策略在全局池上达到足够高的平均胜率,随后被纳入全局池。该过程实现了高效、可解释的策略演化。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) has achieved significant progress in solving complex multi-player games through self-play. However, training effective adversarial policies requires millions of experience samples and substantial computational resources. Moreover, these policies lack interpretability, hindering their practical deployment. Recently, researchers have successfully leveraged Large Language Models (LLMs) to generate programmatic policies for single-agent tasks, transforming neural network-based policies into interpretable rule-based code with high execution efficiency. Inspired by this, we propose PolicyEvolve, a general framework for generating programmatic policies in multi-player games. PolicyEvolve significantly reduces reliance on manually crafted policy code, achieving high-performance policies with minimal environmental interactions. The framework comprises four modules: Global Pool, Local Pool, Policy Planner, and Trajectory Critic. The Global Pool preserves elite policies accumulated during iterative training. The Local Pool stores temporary policies for the current iteration; only sufficiently high-performing policies from this pool are promoted to the Global Pool. The Policy Planner serves as the core policy generation module. It samples the top three policies from the Global Pool, generates an initial policy for the current iteration based on environmental information, and refines this policy using feedback from the Trajectory Critic. Refined policies are then deposited into the Local Pool. This iterative process continues until the policy achieves a sufficiently high average win rate against the Global Pool, at which point it is integrated into the Global Pool. The Trajectory Critic analyzes interaction data from the current policy, identifies vulnerabilities, and proposes directional improvements to guide the Policy Planner

多智能体大模型策略生成程序化

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