不依赖传感器特性的激光惯性里程计,统一适配多种设备与场景。
A Robust Approach for LiDAR-Inertial Odometry Without Sensor-Specific Modeling
- 用简化运动模型直接扫描匹配,避免复杂传感器建模。
- 跨数据集保持一致配置,显著提升多场景鲁棒性。
- 适合需要通用导航系统的机器人开发团队使用。
精确的里程计是机器人导航系统的关键组件,后续规划与控制模块通常依赖于对机器人运动的准确估计。基于传感器的里程计方法应具备跨传感器类型和部署场景的鲁棒性,从城市驾驶中安装在汽车上的固态激光雷达,到非结构化自然环境中手持设备使用的旋转式激光雷达。本文提出一种无需依赖传感器特异性建模的鲁棒激光惯性里程计系统。传统激光雷达与惯性测量单元(IMU)融合方法通常在卡尔曼滤波中迭代整合IMU数据,或在因子图框架中使用预积分,并结合激光雷达扫描匹配,常依赖特征提取。我们提出一种替代策略:仅需简化运动模型进行IMU积分,直接采用扫描到地图的扫描匹配方式。该方法允许对激光雷达注册施加新型正则化,从而提升整体里程计性能。我们在多个涵盖常用机器人传感器与平台的数据集上进行了详尽实验,结果表明,本方法在所有场景中使用完全相同的配置即可运行,验证了其强鲁棒性。代码已开源,供社区进一步开发与集成至导航系统。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Accurate odometry is a critical component in a robotic navigation stack, and subsequent modules such as planning and control often rely on an estimate of the robot's motion. Sensor-based odometry approaches should be robust across sensor types and deployable in different target domains, from solid-state LiDARs mounted on cars in urban-driving scenarios to spinning LiDARs on handheld packages used in unstructured natural environments. In this paper, we propose a robust LiDAR-inertial odometry system that does not rely on sensor-specific modeling. Sensor fusion techniques for LiDAR and inertial measurement unit (IMU) data typically integrate IMU data iteratively in a Kalman filter or use pre-integration in a factor graph framework, combined with LiDAR scan matching often exploiting some form of feature extraction. We propose an alternative strategy that only requires a simplified motion model for IMU integration and directly registers LiDAR scans in a scan-to-map approach. Our approach allows us to impose a novel regularization on the LiDAR registration, improving the overall odometry performance. We detail extensive experiments on a number of datasets covering a wide array of commonly used robotic sensors and platforms. We show that our approach works with the exact same configuration in all these scenarios, demonstrating its robustness. We have open-sourced our implementation so that the community can build further on our work and use it in their navigation stacks.
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