arXiv:2509.06870cs.CL2025-09被引 46

用强化学习训练模型智能整合多个答案,比盲目投票更准

The Majority is not always right: RL training for solution aggregation

  • 用强化学习让模型学会评估、修正并合成多个答案
  • 在多个基准上超越规则和奖励模型基线,准确率显著提升
  • 能处理不同模型生成的答案,且耗能更低

通过生成多个独立解并从中选择或聚合,利用测试时计算扩展来提升大语言模型在复杂推理任务上的表现,已成为主流方法。然而,以往多依赖简单的多数投票或基于奖励模型的排序,效果有限。本文提出将聚合过程作为显式推理技能进行训练:给定候选解集合,训练一个聚合器模型,通过可验证奖励信号,对解进行审查、调和与合成,得到最终正确答案。关键在于平衡易难样本,使模型既能识别少数但正确的答案,也能处理多数正确的简单情况。实验证明,所提方法AggLM在多个基准上均优于强规则基线和奖励模型基线;且能有效泛化至训练数据之外的更强模型生成的解,同时所需令牌数远低于使用大量解进行多数投票的方式。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Scaling up test-time compute, by generating multiple independent solutions and selecting or aggregating among them, has become a central paradigm for improving large language models (LLMs) on challenging reasoning tasks. While most prior work relies on simple majority voting or reward model ranking to aggregate solutions, these approaches may only yield limited benefits. In this work, we propose to learn aggregation as an explicit reasoning skill: given a set of candidate solutions, we train an aggregator model to review, reconcile, and synthesize a final, correct answer using reinforcement learning from verifiable rewards. A key ingredient is careful balancing of easy and hard training examples, allowing the model to learn both to recover minority-but-correct answers as well as easy majority-correct answers. Empirically, we find our method, AggLM, outperforms both strong rule-based and reward-model baselines, across multiple benchmarks. Furthermore, it generalizes effectively to solutions from differing models, including stronger ones than contained in the training data, all while requiring substantially fewer tokens than majority voting with larger numbers of solutions.

推理增强强化学习答案聚合LLM

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