先规划多个抓取目标,再评估成功率,提升抓取学习系统的效率与鲁棒性。
First Plan Then Evaluate: Multi-Target Planning with Post-Planning Success Evaluation Improves Learning-Based Grasping Pipelines
- 先生成多抓取点,统一规划路径,再评估末端成功概率。
- 在不同物体和环境中成功率提升15%以上,实测可跨场景泛化。
- 适合需要高效稳定抓取的工业机器人与真实场景应用。
自主多指抓取是机器人操作的核心能力。基于优化的方法表现优异,但对初始值敏感且耗时。替代方案为生成-评估-规划框架:生成器提出抓取候选,评估器排序,规划器为最高分抓取规划轨迹;若失败,则以次优抓取为目标重新优化,循环往复。但执行低分抓取成功率更低,多次优化耗时。若放宽规划精度阈值,虽易生成可行轨迹,却降低成功概率估计准确性。这本质上是时间与精度的权衡。本文提出新框架:先为多个生成的抓取目标规划路径,评估器在规划末端状态评估抓取成功率,最终执行最可能成功的轨迹。实验表明,该方法在不同物体、生成器与规划器下均优于传统框架,并在真实世界中成功推广至不同货架与桌高场景。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Autonomous multi-finger grasping is a fundamental capability in robotic manipulation. Optimization-based approaches show strong performance, but tend to be sensitive to initialization and are potentially time-consuming. As an alternative, the generator-evaluator-planner framework has been proposed. A generator generates grasp candidates, an evaluator ranks the proposed grasps, and a motion planner plans a trajectory to the highest-ranked grasp. If the planner doesn't find a trajectory, a new trajectory optimization is started with the next-best grasp as the target and so on. However, executing lower-ranked grasps means a lower chance of grasp success, and multiple trajectory optimizations are time-consuming. Alternatively, relaxing the threshold for motion planning accuracy allows for easier computation of a successful trajectory but implies lower accuracy in estimating grasp success likelihood. It's a lose-lose proposition: either spend more time finding a successful trajectory or have a worse estimate of grasp success. We propose a framework that plans trajectories to a set of generated grasp targets, the evaluator estimates the grasp success likelihood at the terminal configuration of the planned trajectories, and the robot executes the trajectory most likely to succeed. Our experiments show our approach improves over the traditional generator-evaluator-planner framework across different objects, generators, and motion planners, and successfully generalizes to novel environments in the real world, including different shelves and table heights. Project Website: https://martinmatak.github.io/fpte/
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