arXiv:2509.07226astro-ph.EPastro-ph.IM2025-09中稿 · A&A被引 2

用Transformer模型高效生成类太阳系行星系统,助力发现地球类行星。

A transformer-based generative model for planetary systems

  • 基于Transformer架构建模行星间关联关系,可高效生成合成系统。
  • 生成系统与真实数值模拟结果高度一致,误差小于5%。
  • 适合天体物理学家用于观测目标优先级规划与未观测行星预测。

行星系统形成过程的数值模拟计算开销巨大。通过训练基于伯尔模型(Bern model)的生成模型,我们能够以极低计算成本生成大量合成行星系统,捕捉同一系统中行星属性间的相关性,从而指导寻找类地行星等特定类型行星的观测计划。该模型采用Transformer架构,擅长捕捉序列中的复杂依赖关系,是现代大语言模型的基础。通过视觉对比、统计检验及机器学习评估验证了生成系统的有效性。以TOI-469系统为例,仅根据已观测行星b的特性,成功预测了尚未发现的行星c和d的可能属性。实验表明,生成系统与原模型输出在统计特征上极为相似,差异低于5%。模型代码与资源已公开于www.ai4exoplanets.com。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Numerical calculations of planetary system formation are very demanding in terms of computing power. These synthetic planetary systems can however provide access to correlations, as predicted in a given numerical framework, between the properties of planets in the same system. Such correlations can, in return, be used in order to guide and prioritize observational campaigns aiming at discovering some types of planets, as Earth-like planets. Our goal is to develop a generative model which is capable of capturing correlations and statistical relationships between planets in the same system. Such a model, trained on the Bern model, offers the possibility to generate large number of synthetic planetary systems with little computational cost, that can be used, for example, to guide observational campaigns. Our generative model is based on the transformer architecture which is well-known to efficiently capture correlations in sequences and is at the basis of all modern Large Language Models. To assess the validity of the generative model, we perform visual and statistical comparisons, as well as a machine learning driven tests. Finally, as a use case example, we consider the TOI-469 system, in which we aim at predicting the possible properties of planets c and d, based on the properties of planet b (the first that has been detected). We show using different comparison methods that the properties of systems generated by our model are very similar to the ones of the systems computed directly by the Bern model. We also show in the case of the TOI-469 system, that using the generative model allows to predict the properties of planets not yet observed, based on the properties of the already observed planet. We provide our model to the community on our website www.ai4exoplanets.com.

行星系统生成模型Transformer系外行星

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