arXiv:2509.07234cs.MAcs.RO2025-09

提出动态图构建方法,让多智能体协作降低高风险路径成本。

Efficient Multi-Agent Coordination via Dynamic Joint-State Graph Construction

  • 将协作路径规划建模为三维匹配问题,用动态联合状态图压缩搜索空间。
  • 在不同图类型和团队规模下,计算速度远超基线方法,支持大规模应用。
  • 适用于需要高效协同的场景,如自动驾驶、无人机编队等。

多智能体路径规划传统上关注避障,但许多现实应用需主动协作以提升团队性能。本文提出带高风险边的图上团队协作(TCGRE),通过队友支援降低高风险边的通行成本。将TCGRE重新表述为三维匹配问题,并通过归约证明其为NP难。为应对复杂性,前作提出分解方法:联合状态图(JSG)将协作转化为单智能体最短路径;协调穷举搜索(CES)通过完全配对优化支援分配;递进式乐观协作A*(RHOCA*)在最优性与可扩展性间权衡。本文进一步引入动态联合状态图(Dynamic-HJSG),利用智能体同质性剪枝冗余状态,实现动态构建,理论分析表明其在关键情况下将复杂度从指数级降至多项式级。实验验证其在大型团队和多种图结构下的可扩展性,HJSG在运行时间上显著优于基线。该工作融合组合优化与多智能体规划,提供具有可证明保障的协作路径规划框架,其核心思想可广泛推广至其他协作优化问题,如多智能体路径规划(MAPF)。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Multi-agent pathfinding (MAPF) traditionally focuses on collision avoidance, but many real-world applications require active coordination between agents to improve team performance. This paper introduces Team Coordination on Graphs with Risky Edges (TCGRE), where agents collaborate to reduce traversal costs on high-risk edges via support from teammates. We reformulate TCGRE as a 3D matching problem-mapping robot pairs, support pairs, and time steps-and rigorously prove its NP-hardness via reduction from Minimum 3D Matching. To address this complexity, (in the conference version) we proposed efficient decomposition methods, reducing the problem to tractable subproblems: Joint-State Graph (JSG): Encodes coordination as a single-agent shortest-path problem. Coordination-Exhaustive Search (CES): Optimizes support assignments via exhaustive pairing. Receding-Horizon Optimistic Cooperative A* (RHOCA*): Balances optimality and scalability via horizon-limited planning. Further in this extension, we introduce a dynamic graph construction method (Dynamic-HJSG), leveraging agent homogeneity to prune redundant states and reduce computational overhead by constructing the joint-state graph dynamically. Theoretical analysis shows Dynamic-HJSG preserves optimality while lowering complexity from exponential to polynomial in key cases. Empirical results validate scalability for large teams and graphs, with HJSG outperforming baselines greatly in runtime in different sizes and types of graphs. This work bridges combinatorial optimization and multi-agent planning, offering a principled framework for collaborative pathfinding with provable guarantees, and the key idea of the solution can be widely extended to many other collaborative optimization problems, such as MAPF.

多智能体路径规划协同优化

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