可充气变形的无人机,能安全停靠在人身上互动。
Flexible Morphing Aerial Robot with Inflatable Structure for Perching-based Human-Robot Interaction
- 用气动结构让机械臂飞行时刚、着陆时软,兼顾稳定与柔顺。
- 实现首次在人体上完成柔性停靠,即使推力下降也能恢复稳定。
- 适合人机交互、救援探测等需要安全停靠的场景。
自然界中的鸟类不仅停栖休息,还能与人类互动(如猎鹰人)。近期研究已实现具备停栖能力的飞行机器人以节省能量,可变形结构在停栖效率和构型紧凑性方面表现优异。然而,由于柔性臂难以控制,可变形飞行机器人的飞行稳定性仍具挑战;而面向人机交互的停栖还需高柔顺性和安全性。为此,本研究开发了一种可变形空中机器人,能够高灵活性地停靠于人体并实现有效抓握。为解决飞行与停栖双重稳定性难题,提出一种混合形态结构:单侧柔性臂结合气动膨胀驱动器。该设计使机械臂在飞行时保持刚性,着陆时转为柔软以增强抓握效果。同时构建气动控制系统,优化压力调节,集成减震与可调抓握力,提升交互性能与能效。此外,分析了单侧柔性臂的结构特性,明确了标准四旋翼建模与控制在飞行稳定性方面仍有效的充分条件。最终原型验证了在人体上实现柔性停栖的可行性,并在因推力下降导致臂部变形后仍能稳健恢复。据我们所知,这是首个实现可在人体上进行交互式停栖的空中机器人。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Birds in nature perform perching not only for rest but also for interaction with human such as the relationship with falconers. Recently, researchers achieve perching-capable aerial robots as a way to save energy, and deformable structure demonstrate significant advantages in efficiency of perching and compactness of configuration. However, ensuring flight stability remains challenging for deformable aerial robots due to the difficulty of controlling flexible arms. Furthermore, perching for human interaction requires high compliance along with safety. Thus, this study aims to develop a deformable aerial robot capable of perching on humans with high flexibility and grasping ability. To overcome the challenges of stability of both flight and perching, we propose a hybrid morphing structure that combines a unilateral flexible arm and a pneumatic inflatable actuators. This design allows the robot's arms to remain rigid during flight and soft while perching for more effective grasping. We also develop a pneumatic control system that optimizes pressure regulation while integrating shock absorption and adjustable grasping forces, enhancing interaction capabilities and energy efficiency. Besides, we focus on the structural characteristics of the unilateral flexible arm and identify sufficient conditions under which standard quadrotor modeling and control remain effective in terms of flight stability. Finally, the developed prototype demonstrates the feasibility of compliant perching maneuvers on humans, as well as the robust recovery even after arm deformation caused by thrust reductions during flight. To the best of our knowledge, this work is the first to achieve an aerial robot capable of perching on humans for interaction.
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