社交机器人模仿人类行为引发知情同意难题，需重新设计伦理准则
Knowledge Isn't Power: The Ethics of Social Robots and the Difficulty of Informed Consent
- 用法律与伦理视角分析社交机器人如何利用人类社会本能影响决策
- 指出用户在情感诱导下难以真正知情，传统同意机制失效
- 为开发者提出可操作的伦理设计目标，适用于人机交互研究者
当前机器人日益模仿人类社交行为以促进互动，如微笑示好或行动前停顿以给予反应时间。这些策略会激活人的固有社交本能，引发类人情感反应，并促使人们将机器人视为具备真实生命过程的存在，引发重大伦理问题。本文从知情同意角度切入，结合现行法律原则与伦理规范，探讨社交机器人如何以新颖方式影响用户行为，以及在这些情境下用户是否能充分知情并作出有效同意。文章剖析人机交互的复杂性，揭示其与传统互动场景的本质差异，并将知情同意的法律原则应用于社交机器人，重构该领域的伦理讨论。基于此，提出机器人开发者应遵循的伦理设计目标，以实现更负责任的人机交互。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Contemporary robots are increasingly mimicking human social behaviours to facilitate interaction, such as smiling to signal approachability, or hesitating before taking an action to allow people time to react. Such techniques can activate a person's entrenched social instincts, triggering emotional responses as though they are interacting with a fellow human, and can prompt them to treat a robot as if it truly possesses the underlying life-like processes it outwardly presents, raising significant ethical questions. We engage these issues through the lens of informed consent: drawing upon prevailing legal principles and ethics, we examine how social robots can influence user behaviour in novel ways, and whether under those circumstances users can be appropriately informed to consent to these heightened interactions. We explore the complex circumstances of human-robot interaction and highlight how it differs from more familiar interaction contexts, and we apply legal principles relating to informed consent to social robots in order to reconceptualize the current ethical debates surrounding the field. From this investigation, we synthesize design goals for robot developers to achieve more ethical and informed human-robot interaction.
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