无需人工标注,用模型自检方法评估大模型标注质量。
Evaluating LLMs Without Oracle Feedback: Agentic Annotation Evaluation Through Unsupervised Consistency Signals
- 让小模型通过多数投票机制分析大模型输出的一致性
- 提出CAI比率指标,与模型准确率高度相关
- 适合在无真人反馈的场景中筛选可靠大模型
大语言模型(LLM)结合提示工程可大幅降低数据标注成本并减少对人工标注者的依赖。然而,在缺乏真实标签、传统评估方法失效的动态无监督环境中,评估其标注质量仍具挑战。为此,我们提出一种新型代理式标注范式:由学生模型与噪声教师(即LLM)协作,不依赖真实标签即可评估并优化标注质量。学生模型作为无监督反馈机制,采用基于用户偏好的多数投票策略评估LLM输出的一致性。为系统衡量LLM标注可靠性,我们引入新的无监督评估指标——一致与不一致(CAI)比率。该指标不仅量化了在有限用户偏好下的教师模型标注质量,还在模型选择中发挥关键作用,能有效识别动态无监督环境中的稳健大模型。在四个大模型、十个开放域NLP数据集上的实验表明,CAI比率与模型准确率呈强正相关,证实其在真实场景下进行无监督评估与模型选择的重要价值。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Large Language Models (LLMs), when paired with prompt-based tasks, have significantly reduced data annotation costs and reliance on human annotators. However, evaluating the quality of their annotations remains challenging in dynamic, unsupervised environments where oracle feedback is scarce and conventional methods fail. To address this challenge, we propose a novel agentic annotation paradigm, where a student model collaborates with a noisy teacher (the LLM) to assess and refine annotation quality without relying on oracle feedback. The student model, acting as an unsupervised feedback mechanism, employs a user preference-based majority voting strategy to evaluate the consistency of the LLM outputs. To systematically measure the reliability of LLM-generated annotations, we introduce the Consistent and Inconsistent (CAI) Ratio, a novel unsupervised evaluation metric. The CAI Ratio not only quantifies the annotation quality of the noisy teacher under limited user preferences but also plays a critical role in model selection, enabling the identification of robust LLMs in dynamic, unsupervised environments. Applied to ten open-domain NLP datasets across four LLMs, the CAI Ratio demonstrates a strong positive correlation with LLM accuracy, establishing it as an essential tool for unsupervised evaluation and model selection in real-world settings.
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