arXiv:2509.10502eess.IVcs.CV2025-09

针对病理图像中异常与正常分裂细胞分类难题,提出兼顾难易度的深度学习模型。

MIDOG 2025 Track 2: A Deep Learning Model for Classification of Atypical and Normal Mitotic Figures under Class and Hardness Imbalances

  • 采用ResNet主干+双头结构,同时学习细胞表型与实例难易度
  • 在MIDOG数据集上达0.8744平衡准确率和0.9505的AUC
  • 适合处理真实世界数据中的类别与难度不平衡问题

准确区分正常与异常有丝分裂细胞对肿瘤预后评估至关重要。然而,由于形态差异细微,以及真实病理数据集中的显著类别和难度不平衡,构建鲁棒的深度学习模型极具挑战。本文提出一种基于ResNet主干的新型深度学习方法,采用特殊设计的分类头,同时建模有丝分裂细胞表型与实例难度。为缓解严重类别不平衡,使用焦点损失;并通过全面的数据增强提升模型鲁棒性与泛化能力。在MIDOG 2025 Track 2数据集的五折交叉验证中,模型平均平衡准确率达0.8744 ± 0.0093,ROC AUC为0.9505 ± 0.029。初步排行榜评估显示整体平衡准确率为0.8736 ± 0.0204,表现出强而稳定的泛化能力。该方法为临床病理诊断提供了一种可靠、通用的分类解决方案。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Motivation: Accurate classification of mitotic figures into normal and atypical types is crucial for tumor prognostication in digital pathology. However, developing robust deep learning models for this task is challenging due to the subtle morphological differences, as well as significant class and hardness imbalances in real-world histopathology datasets. Methods: We propose a novel deep learning approach based on a ResNet backbone with specialized classification heads. Our architecture uniquely models both the mitotic figure phenotype and the instance difficulty simultaneously. This method is specifically designed to handle the challenges of diverse tissue types, scanner variability, and imbalanced data. We employed focal loss to effectively mitigate the pronounced class imbalance, and a comprehensive data augmentation pipeline was implemented to enhance the model's robustness and generalizability. Results: Our approach demonstrated strong and consistent performance. In a 5-fold cross-validation on the MIDOG 2025 Track 2 dataset, it achieved a mean balanced accuracy of 0.8744 +/- 0.0093 and an ROC AUC of 0.9505 +/- 0.029. The model showed robust generalization across preliminary leaderboard evaluations, achieving an overall balanced accuracy of 0.8736 +/- 0.0204. Conclusion: The proposed method offers a reliable and generalizable solution for the classification of atypical and normal mitotic figures. By addressing the inherent challenges of real world data, our approach has the potential to support precise prognostic assessments in clinical practice and improve consistency in pathological diagnosis.

病理图像分类模型不平衡数据

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