arXiv:2509.10660cs.AIcs.MA2025-09被引 1

用自然语言直接指挥模拟细胞集体行为,无需专门设计规则或奖励函数。

ZapGPT: Free-form Language Prompting for Simulated Cellular Control

  • 用两个AI模型协作:一个将指令转为干预,另一个评分反馈。
  • 系统在未见指令上表现良好,无需重新训练即可泛化。
  • 适合对跨领域控制、人机交互感兴趣的科研人员。

人类语言是表达意图最有力的工具之一,但大多数人工或生物系统缺乏理解或响应语言的能力。弥合这一差距可实现对复杂、去中心化系统的更自然控制。当前人工智能与人工生命研究尝试用语言设定高层次目标,但多数系统仍依赖工程化奖励、任务特定监督或固定命令集,限制了对新指令的泛化能力。类似局限也存在于合成生物学和生物工程中,控制通常位于基因组层面而非环境扰动。一个关键问题是:人工或生物群体能否仅通过自由形式的自然语言引导,而无需任务特定调优或精心设计的评估指标?本文首次展示,简单智能体的集体行为可通过自由形式的语言提示进行引导:一个AI模型将指令转化为对模拟细胞的干预;另一个模型评估该指令对细胞动态描述的准确度;前者通过进化优化以提升后者的评分。相比以往工作,本方法无需工程化适应度函数或领域特定提示设计。实验表明,该系统可在未见提示上实现泛化,且无需再训练。通过将自然语言作为控制层,系统预示了未来用口语或书面语直接操控计算、机器人或生物系统的新范式。这项工作为实现人工智能与生物系统的合作迈出重要一步,使语言取代数学目标函数、固定规则和领域特定编程。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Human language is one of the most expressive tools for conveying intent, yet most artificial or biological systems lack mechanisms to interpret or respond meaningfully to it. Bridging this gap could enable more natural forms of control over complex, decentralized systems. In AI and artificial life, recent work explores how language can specify high-level goals, but most systems still depend on engineered rewards, task-specific supervision, or rigid command sets, limiting generalization to novel instructions. Similar constraints apply in synthetic biology and bioengineering, where the locus of control is often genomic rather than environmental perturbation. A key open question is whether artificial or biological collectives can be guided by free-form natural language alone, without task-specific tuning or carefully designed evaluation metrics. We provide one possible answer here by showing, for the first time, that simple agents' collective behavior can be guided by free-form language prompts: one AI model transforms an imperative prompt into an intervention that is applied to simulated cells; a second AI model scores how well the prompt describes the resulting cellular dynamics; and the former AI model is evolved to improve the scores generated by the latter. Unlike previous work, our method does not require engineered fitness functions or domain-specific prompt design. We show that the evolved system generalizes to unseen prompts without retraining. By treating natural language as a control layer, the system suggests a future in which spoken or written prompts could direct computational, robotic, or biological systems to desired behaviors. This work provides a concrete step toward this vision of AI-biology partnerships, in which language replaces mathematical objective functions, fixed rules, and domain-specific programming.

语言控制模拟细胞强化学习通用控制

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