提出新框架,更好识别图数据中的异常节点。
GTHNA: Local-global Graph Transformer with Memory Reconstruction for Holistic Node Anomaly Evaluation
- 用局部全局Transformer捕捉节点结构与行为特征
- 通过记忆重建抑制异常节点干扰,提升检测准确率
- 适合复杂图数据中多粒度异常检测任务
图结构数据中的异常检测极具挑战性,需识别在结构和行为上均偏离多数的罕见节点。现有基于图卷积网络(GCNs)的方法常因过平滑导致节点表征不可区分;基于图重建的方法在重建过程中易受异常节点干扰,影响检测精度。本文提出一种全新的整体式异常评估框架,融合三个核心组件:局部-全局Transformer编码器、记忆引导的重建机制以及多尺度表征匹配策略。三者协同工作,增强模型对局部与全局结构依赖的捕捉能力,抑制异常节点影响,并从多粒度层次评估异常。异常评分结合重建误差与记忆匹配信号,实现更鲁棒的评估。在七个基准数据集上的大量实验表明,该方法优于现有最先进方法,为各类图领域提供了全面且通用的异常检测解决方案。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Anomaly detection in graph-structured data is an inherently challenging problem, as it requires the identification of rare nodes that deviate from the majority in both their structural and behavioral characteristics. Existing methods, such as those based on graph convolutional networks (GCNs), often suffer from over-smoothing, which causes the learned node representations to become indistinguishable. Furthermore, graph reconstruction-based approaches are vulnerable to anomalous node interference during the reconstruction process, leading to inaccurate anomaly detection. In this work, we propose a novel and holistic anomaly evaluation framework that integrates three key components: a local-global Transformer encoder, a memory-guided reconstruction mechanism, and a multi-scale representation matching strategy. These components work synergistically to enhance the model's ability to capture both local and global structural dependencies, suppress the influence of anomalous nodes, and assess anomalies from multiple levels of granularity. Anomaly scores are computed by combining reconstruction errors and memory matching signals, resulting in a more robust evaluation. Extensive experiments on seven benchmark datasets demonstrate that our method outperforms existing state-of-the-art approaches, offering a comprehensive and generalizable solution for anomaly detection across various graph domains.
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