用正交编码解决柔性触觉传感的布线难题,实现高速高密度感知。
Design of scalable orthogonal digital encoding architecture for large-area flexible tactile sensing in robotics
- 借鉴码分多址思想,用正交数字编码并行传输信号。
- 16节点阵列仅用一根线,响应速度达12.8毫秒。
- 支持上千节点,延迟始终低于20毫秒,适合机器人全身感知。
类人具身触觉感知是下一代智能机器人的关键。现有柔性触觉传感器在编码效率和布线复杂度上存在瓶颈,难以实现大面积、全身体覆盖的高灵敏度与快速响应,严重制约了类皮肤触觉感知所需的可扩展性与实时性能。本文提出一种受码分多址启发的正交数字编码架构,采用分布式编码策略,将传统串行传输转为分布式传感节点能量正交基码的并行叠加,显著减少布线需求并提升数据吞吐量。我们以现成的16节点传感阵列验证该策略,仅用单根传输线即实现压力分布重建,时间分辨率达12.8毫秒。关键的是,该架构在节点数量跨越数个数量级(可达数千节点)时仍能保持亚20毫秒延迟。通过根本性重构软电子信号编码范式,本工作为发展具备类人感知能力的可扩展具身智能系统开辟了新路径。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Human-like embodied tactile perception is crucial for the next-generation intelligent robotics. Achieving large-area, full-body soft coverage with high sensitivity and rapid response, akin to human skin, remains a formidable challenge due to critical bottlenecks in encoding efficiency and wiring complexity in existing flexible tactile sensors, thus significantly hinder the scalability and real-time performance required for human skin-level tactile perception. Herein, we present a new architecture employing code division multiple access-inspired orthogonal digital encoding to overcome these challenges. Our decentralized encoding strategy transforms conventional serial signal transmission by enabling parallel superposition of energy-orthogonal base codes from distributed sensing nodes, drastically reducing wiring requirements and increasing data throughput. We implemented and validated this strategy with off-the-shelf 16-node sensing array to reconstruct the pressure distribution, achieving a temporal resolution of 12.8 ms using only a single transmission wire. Crucially, the architecture can maintain sub-20ms latency across orders-of-magnitude variations in node number (to thousands of nodes). By fundamentally redefining signal encoding paradigms in soft electronics, this work opens new frontiers in developing scalable embodied intelligent systems with human-like sensory capabilities.
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