微波成像中结构几何形貌可产生彩虹色，可直接反推物体形状。
The Microwave Rainbow: How Geometry Paints Colours in Microwave Vision
- 用几何物理模型建立物体形状与微波彩虹色的直接关系。
- 零阶衍射产生连续色带，高阶衍射呈现周期性光谱图案。
- 为太空遥感提供新视角，适合地质与基建监测场景。
星载合成孔径雷达（SAR）的微波成像具备全天候、全天时观测能力，但其信号中大量信息仍未被解析。近期高分辨率图像揭示了人造结构系统性呈现彩色现象，其物理成因长期未知。本文表明，这种现象称为微波彩虹，源于结构作为内在衍射光栅产生的几何色散效应。我们提出一种几何-物理模型，建立了目标几何形态与观测色彩特征之间的直接解析关系。该模型定量解释了从曲面连续色带（零阶衍射）到周期结构重复光谱模式（高阶衍射）的完整色谱特征。本研究将颜色从视觉伪影转化为精确的物理形态度量，实现从太空直接映射关键基础设施与自然现象的几何结构。研究成果确立了微波彩色视觉的物理基础，开辟了遥感感知的新前沿。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Microwave vision from spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) provides an all-weather, day-and-night capability to observe Earth, yet much of the information encoded in its signals remains undeciphered. Recent high-resolution imagery has revealed a striking phenomenon: man-made structures systematically appear in a spectrum of colours, the physical origin of which has been an open question. Here we show that this effect, which we term the microwave rainbow, is a form of geometric dispersion arising from structures acting as intrinsic diffraction gratings. We introduce a geometric-physical model that provides a direct analytical link between a target's geometry and its observed colour signature. This model quantitatively explains the full range of signatures, from continuous colour gradients on curved surfaces (zero-order diffraction) to repeating spectral patterns from periodic structures (high-order diffraction). This work transforms colour from a visual artefact into a precise measure of physical form, enabling the geometry of both critical infrastructure and natural phenomena to be mapped directly from space. Our findings establish the physical basis for a new remote sensing modality: microwave colour vision, and open a new frontier in how we perceive our world.
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