面向6G网络的节能设计综述，涵盖能量感知关键技术与标准进展。
Energy-Aware 6G Network Design: A Survey
- 提出能量感知6G网络设计框架，融合能量监测与AI/ML优化。
- 梳理能量采集、建模及服务分类方法，支持绿色可持续通信。
- 适合关注6G能效、绿色通信与标准制定的研究者参考。
第六代（6G）移动网络旨在支持前所未有的用户数量和数据密集型应用，可能带来严重的能效与可持续性问题。因此，可持续性成为其设计的关键目标之一。为实现可持续解决方案，研究与标准化社区正聚焦于能量信息监测与暴露、可再生能源利用，以及人工智能/机器学习（AI/ML）在提升6G网络能效中的应用。目标是构建能够考虑能量信息的能量感知系统，以实现能效优化。然而，能量感知6G网络的设计也面临新挑战，如能量信息收集与暴露带来的开销，以及用户授权管理问题。本文全面综述了6G能效网络设计的关键方法，包括能量采集、能量模型与参数、能量感知服务分类，以及基于AI/ML的解决方案。同时包含若干用例，展示将能量意识融入网络决策的效益。还涵盖3GPP、ITU、IEEE等组织的多项正在进行的标准工作，提供对当前进展的洞察，并指出新的研究机遇。最后，总结了未来可探索的开放性问题与挑战，以推动能量感知设计的可行性，确保6G在性能与能效目标上的最优平衡。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
6th Generation (6G) mobile networks are envisioned to support several new capabilities and data-centric applications for unprecedented number of users, potentially raising significant energy efficiency and sustainability concerns. This brings focus on sustainability as one of the key objectives in the their design. To move towards sustainable solution, research and standardization community is focusing on several key issues like energy information monitoring and exposure, use of renewable energy, and use of Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning (AI/ML) for improving the energy efficiency in 6G networks. The goal is to build energy-aware solutions that takes into account the energy information resulting in energy efficient networks. Design of energy-aware 6G networks brings in new challenges like increased overheads in gathering and exposing of energy related information, and the associated user consent management. The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive survey of methods used for design of energy efficient 6G networks, like energy harvesting, energy models and parameters, classification of energy-aware services, and AI/ML-based solutions. The survey also includes few use cases that demonstrate the benefits of incorporating energy awareness into network decisions. Several ongoing standardization efforts in 3GPP, ITU, and IEEE are included to provide insights into the ongoing work and highlight the opportunities for new contributions. We conclude this survey with open research problems and challenges that can be explored to make energy-aware design feasible and ensure optimality regarding performance and energy goals for 6G networks.
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