让机器人主动调整视角,实时解决物体姿态识别的模糊问题。
ActivePose: Active 6D Object Pose Estimation and Tracking for Robotic Manipulation
- 用视觉语言模型+虚拟视角想象,动态判断何时需要换视角
- 在仿真和真实场景中,姿态估计准确率显著高于传统方法
- 适合需要精准抓取的工业机器人、智能仓储等场景
精确的6自由度物体姿态估计与跟踪对可靠机器人操作至关重要。然而,零样本方法常因视角引起的歧义而失效,固定摄像头在物体移动或自遮挡时也难以应对。为此,我们提出一种主动姿态估计流程,结合视觉-语言模型(VLM)与“机器人想象力”,实时检测并解决歧义。离线阶段,渲染CAD模型的密集视角,计算每个视图的FoundationPose熵,构建包含低熵(无歧义)和高熵(有歧义)示例的几何感知提示。运行时:(1)向VLM查询实时图像的歧义得分;(2)若检测到歧义,通过渲染虚拟视图生成一组候选相机位姿,基于VLM歧义概率与FoundationPose熵的加权组合进行评分,并将相机移至最优视角(NBV)以获得清晰姿态估计。此外,为应对移动物体脱离视野的问题,引入一个通过模仿学习训练的扩散策略,生成保持物体可见且最小化姿态歧义的相机轨迹。仿真与真实实验均表明,该方法显著优于经典基线。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Accurate 6-DoF object pose estimation and tracking are critical for reliable robotic manipulation. However, zero-shot methods often fail under viewpoint-induced ambiguities and fixed-camera setups struggle when objects move or become self-occluded. To address these challenges, we propose an active pose estimation pipeline that combines a Vision-Language Model (VLM) with "robotic imagination" to dynamically detect and resolve ambiguities in real time. In an offline stage, we render a dense set of views of the CAD model, compute the FoundationPose entropy for each view, and construct a geometric-aware prompt that includes low-entropy (unambiguous) and high-entropy (ambiguous) examples. At runtime, the system: (1) queries the VLM on the live image for an ambiguity score; (2) if ambiguity is detected, imagines a discrete set of candidate camera poses by rendering virtual views, scores each based on a weighted combination of VLM ambiguity probability and FoundationPose entropy, and then moves the camera to the Next-Best-View (NBV) to obtain a disambiguated pose estimation. Furthermore, since moving objects may leave the camera's field of view, we introduce an active pose tracking module: a diffusion-policy trained via imitation learning, which generates camera trajectories that preserve object visibility and minimize pose ambiguity. Experiments in simulation and real-world show that our approach significantly outperforms classical baselines.
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