提出无坐标依赖的机器人系统控制框架,提升学习效率与泛化能力。
Tensor Invariant Data-Assisted Control and Dynamic Decomposition of Multibody Systems
- 基于张量力学构建无坐标依赖的动力学模型,实现物理规律的自然表达。
- 将系统分解为确定性部分与不确定性交互部分,通过虚拟端口变量协同控制。
- 支持等变学习,适合需高泛化性的协作机器人场景,增强可解释性。
在复杂共享协作空间中控制机器人系统时,若采用经验或模拟数据进行学习,常面临鲁棒性与安全性挑战。主要瓶颈在于依赖坐标相关模型,导致数据效率低下,无法跨参考系泛化物理交互,迫使学习算法在每种新姿态下重复发现基本物理规律,人为增加学习复杂度。本文提出一种新框架,将基于张量力学的无坐标、未降阶多体动力学与运动学模型,与数据辅助控制(DAC)架构结合。推导出一种非递归、闭式牛顿-欧拉模型,以扩展矩阵形式优化张量控制设计。该结构可将系统原则上分解为结构确定、物理根基明确的部分与不确定、经验性、聚焦交互的部分,由虚拟端口变量协调。进而提出完整端到端的张量不变建模、控制与学习流程。结构确定部分的无坐标控制律通过李雅普诺夫分析证明稳定,提供抽象指令接口。模型与闭环系统经仿真验证。该方法天然适配数据高效、帧不变的学习算法(如等变学习),用于学习不确定性交互。二者协同直接解决数据低效问题,提升可解释性与可理解性,为交互环境中更鲁棒、可泛化的机器人控制铺平道路。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
The control of robotic systems in complex, shared collaborative workspaces presents significant challenges in achieving robust performance and safety when learning from experienced or simulated data is employed in the pipeline. A primary bottleneck is the reliance on coordinate-dependent models, which leads to profound data inefficiency by failing to generalize physical interactions across different frames of reference. This forces learning algorithms to rediscover fundamental physical principles in every new orientation, artificially inflating the complexity of the learning task. This paper introduces a novel framework that synergizes a coordinate-free, unreduced multibody dynamics and kinematics model based on tensor mechanics with a Data-Assisted Control (DAC) architecture. A non-recursive, closed-form Newton-Euler model in an augmented matrix form is derived that is optimized for tensor-based control design. This structure enables a principled decomposition of the system into a structurally certain, physically grounded part and an uncertain, empirical, and interaction-focused part, mediated by a virtual port variable. Then, a complete, end-to-end tensor-invariant pipeline for modeling, control, and learning is proposed. The coordinate-free control laws for the structurally certain part provide a stable and abstract command interface, proven via Lyapunov analysis. Eventually, the model and closed-loop system are validated through simulations. This work provides a naturally ideal input for data-efficient, frame-invariant learning algorithms, such as equivariant learning, designed to learn the uncertain interaction. The synergy directly addresses the data-inefficiency problem, increases explainability and interpretability, and paves the way for more robust and generalizable robotic control in interactive environments.
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