生成可运行的电网结构与动态负载,解决真实电网数据难获取问题。
PowerGrow: Feasible Co-Growth of Structures and Dynamics for Power Grid Synthesis
- 分步建模电网拓扑与负荷时序,降低计算开销。
- 生成电网98.9%满足潮流收敛,具备N-1容错能力。
- 适合电力系统仿真、智能调度与新型电网设计者使用。
现代电网正变得更加动态,受可再生能源波动、电动汽车普及和主动电网重构影响,拓扑结构与负载随时间变化。然而,由于安全顾虑和匿名化工作量大,公开可用的测试案例仍十分稀缺。这促使亟需能联合生成电网结构与节点动态特性的生成工具。但同时建模网络拓扑、支路属性、母线特征与动态负荷曲线的联合分布,仍面临巨大挑战,且需兼顾物理可行性与计算效率。本文提出PowerGrow,一种共生成框架,在显著降低计算开销的同时保持运行有效性。核心思想是依赖关系分解:将复杂的联合分布分解为一系列在可行电网拓扑、时序母线负荷及其他系统属性上的条件分布,利用它们之间的相互依赖。通过在每一步约束生成过程,我们采用分层图beta扩散过程进行结构合成,并结合时间自编码器将时序数据嵌入紧凑隐空间,提升训练稳定性和样本保真度。在基准设置下的实验表明,PowerGrow不仅在保真度和多样性上优于先前扩散模型,且达到98.9%的潮流收敛率,提升了N-1故障容错能力,证明其能生成具有运行有效性和现实性的电网场景。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Modern power systems are becoming increasingly dynamic, with changing topologies and time-varying loads driven by renewable energy variability, electric vehicle adoption, and active grid reconfiguration. Despite these changes, publicly available test cases remain scarce, due to security concerns and the significant effort required to anonymize real systems. Such limitations call for generative tools that can jointly synthesize grid structure and nodal dynamics. However, modeling the joint distribution of network topology, branch attributes, bus properties, and dynamic load profiles remains a major challenge, while preserving physical feasibility and avoiding prohibitive computational costs. We present PowerGrow, a co-generative framework that significantly reduces computational overhead while maintaining operational validity. The core idea is dependence decomposition: the complex joint distribution is factorized into a chain of conditional distributions over feasible grid topologies, time-series bus loads, and other system attributes, leveraging their mutual dependencies. By constraining the generation process at each stage, we implement a hierarchical graph beta-diffusion process for structural synthesis, paired with a temporal autoencoder that embeds time-series data into a compact latent space, improving both training stability and sample fidelity. Experiments across benchmark settings show that PowerGrow not only outperforms prior diffusion models in fidelity and diversity but also achieves a 98.9\% power flow convergence rate and improved N-1 contingency resilience. This demonstrates its ability to generate operationally valid and realistic power grid scenarios.
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