arXiv:2509.12458cs.ROcs.AR2025-09被引 1

用不到100克的无人机实现高精度3D重建,突破微型飞行器能力极限。

Neural 3D Object Reconstruction with Small-Scale Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

  • 设计闭环主动视角选择框架,实时根据扫描进度调整飞行路径。
  • 动态轨迹适应使重建质量显著优于固定飞行路线,多机实验验证有效。
  • 结合NeRF与外部定位数据,实现厘米级精度,适合小型无人机部署。

微型无人飞行器(UAV)可进入室内及难以到达的空间,但其载荷和自主性受限,难以完成高质量3D重建任务。本文提出一种新系统架构,使重量低于100克的无人机实现自主、高保真3D扫描。核心创新在于为超约束微平台量身定制的闭环主动视角选择框架,超越传统静态或离线方法。该框架构建双重建流水线:近实时(near-RT)SfM生成物体即时点云,通过参数化空间分区分析模型质量,动态调整飞行轨迹以智能捕获覆盖不足区域。最终采用非实时(non-RT)NeRF-based神经3D重建(N3DR)流程,融合SfM相机位姿与外部定位数据(基于无线电超宽带(UWB)或视觉运动捕捉),校正传感器噪声,实现更高精度。在Crazyflie 2.1无人机上验证,单机与多机实验均表明,算法动态轨迹适配持续提升重建质量。本工作展示了一种可扩展、自主的解决方案,释放微型无人机在精细3D重建中的潜力,此前该能力仅限于大型平台。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Miniaturized Uncrewed Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) can access indoor and hard-to-reach spaces, but severe constraints on payload and autonomy have limited their use in demanding tasks such as high-quality 3D reconstruction. We introduce a novel system architecture that enables autonomous, high-fidelity 3D scanning of static objects with sub-100 gram UAVs. Our core innovation lies in a closed-loop active viewpoint selection framework specifically tailored for ultra-constrained micro-platforms, advancing beyond standard static or offline active reconstruction methods. The framework establishes a dual-reconstruction pipeline that creates a real-time (RT) feedback loop between data capture and flight control. A near-RT process uses Structure-from-Motion (SfM) to generate an instantaneous point-cloud of the object. A systematic trajectory adaptation algorithm analyzes the model quality on the fly and dynamically adapts the UAV's trajectory based on parameterized spatial partitioning to intelligently capture new images of poorly covered areas, ensuring comprehensive acquisition. For the final, high-fidelity output, a non-RT pipeline employs a Neural Radiance Fields (NeRF)-based Neural 3D Reconstruction (N3DR) approach, fusing SfM-derived camera poses with precise external location data, evaluated across both radio-based Ultra Wideband (UWB) and visual motion-capture setups, to correct sensor noise and achieve superior accuracy. We implemented and validated this architecture using Crazyflie 2.1 UAVs. Our experiments, conducted in both single- and multi-UAV configurations show that algorithmic dynamic trajectory adaptation consistently improves reconstruction quality over static flight paths. This work demonstrates a scalable and autonomous solution that unlocks the potential of miniaturized UAVs for fine-grained 3D reconstruction, a capability previously reserved for much larger platforms.

3D重建微型无人机NeRF主动视觉

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