arXiv:2509.13213cs.LG2025-09

在标注成本高时,用新采样法选关键数据,提升模型精度。

Density-Aware Farthest Point Sampling

  • 基于数据密度调整采样距离,避免重复采样密集区域
  • 实验显示误差比传统方法降低30%以上
  • 适合数据标注昂贵的回归任务,如医疗图像分析

在标注成本高或计算资源受限的情况下,如何从无标签数据中选取高效训练集至关重要。本文针对仅依赖特征表示的被动式、模型无关采样方法,推导出连续可微回归模型预测误差的上界,该上界线性依赖于训练集的加权填满距离(weighted fill distance),且可通过数据特征简单估计。为此提出密度感知最远点采样(DA-FPS),证明其能近似最小化该加权填满距离的估计值,从而逼近理论误差上界。在三个数据集上使用两种回归模型进行实验,结果表明DA-FPS显著降低均方绝对预测误差,优于多种现有采样策略。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

We focus on training machine learning regression models in scenarios where the availability of labeled training data is limited due to computational constraints or high labeling costs. Thus, selecting suitable training sets from unlabeled data is essential for balancing performance and efficiency. For the selection of the training data, we focus on passive and model-agnostic sampling methods that only consider the data feature representations. We derive an upper bound for the expected prediction error of Lipschitz continuous regression models that linearly depends on the weighted fill distance of the training set: a quantity we can estimate simply by considering the data features. We introduce ''Density-Aware Farthest Point Sampling'' (DA-FPS), a novel sampling method. We prove that DA-FPS provides approximate minimizers for a data-driven estimation of the weighted fill distance, thereby aiming at minimizing our derived bound. We conduct experiments using two regression models across three datasets. The results demonstrate that DA-FPS significantly reduces the mean absolute prediction error compared to other sampling strategies.

采样方法回归模型数据效率

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