arXiv:2509.13351cs.AIcs.CL2025-09被引 14

教大模型用逻辑链思考,让其在符号规划中准确率达94%。

Teaching LLMs to Plan: Logical Chain-of-Thought Instruction Tuning for Symbolic Planning

  • 通过逻辑链式推理指导,教会大模型逐步判断动作可行性。
  • 在标准基准上规划准确率最高达94%,比基线提升66个百分点。
  • 适合需要严谨逻辑推理的AI规划系统研发者参考。

大型语言模型(LLMs)在多种任务中展现出强大能力,但在需要形式化表示的符号规划领域(如规划域定义语言PDDL)仍存在局限。本文提出一种新型指令微调框架PDDL-Instruct,旨在通过逻辑链式思维增强LLMs的符号规划能力。该方法聚焦于通过显式逻辑推理步骤,使模型严格推断动作适用性、状态转移及计划有效性。通过设计引导模型进行精确逻辑推理的指令提示,使模型能够通过结构化反思自我修正规划过程。框架通过分解规划过程为前提条件满足、效果应用和不变量保持等显式推理链,系统性地构建验证能力。多领域实验表明,基于链式推理的指令微调模型显著提升了规划性能,在标准基准上最高达到94%的规划准确率,相比基线模型绝对提升66%。本工作弥合了大模型通用推理能力与自动化规划所需逻辑精度之间的差距,为开发更优的AI规划系统提供了新方向。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities across diverse tasks, yet their ability to perform structured symbolic planning remains limited, particularly in domains requiring formal representations like the Planning Domain Definition Language (PDDL). In this paper, we present a novel instruction tuning framework, PDDL-Instruct, designed to enhance LLMs' symbolic planning capabilities through logical chain-of-thought reasoning. Our approach focuses on teaching models to rigorously reason about action applicability, state transitions, and plan validity using explicit logical inference steps. By developing instruction prompts that guide models through the precise logical reasoning required to determine when actions can be applied in a given state, we enable LLMs to self-correct their planning processes through structured reflection. The framework systematically builds verification skills by decomposing the planning process into explicit reasoning chains about precondition satisfaction, effect application, and invariant preservation. Experimental results on multiple planning domains show that our chain-of-thought reasoning based instruction-tuned models are significantly better at planning, achieving planning accuracy of up to 94% on standard benchmarks, representing a 66% absolute improvement over baseline models. This work bridges the gap between the general reasoning capabilities of LLMs and the logical precision required for automated planning, offering a promising direction for developing better AI planning systems.

大模型符号规划逻辑推理PDDL

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