用主题模型分析欧盟AI治理政策，揭示其演进脉络与核心关切。
Uncovering AI Governance Themes in EU Policies using BERTopic and Thematic Analysis
- 结合定性分析与BERTopic模型挖掘欧盟关键文件主题
- 发现2018年后政策聚焦安全、透明与可问责等核心议题
- 适合关注AI政策演化与欧洲治理框架的研究者
人工智能系统安全可信的政策与指南不断涌现，导致全球AI治理格局日益碎片化。欧盟是该领域的重要推动者，其高级别专家小组（HLEG）发布了具有影响力的可信AI伦理指南，并于2024年通过了《欧盟人工智能法案》。尽管预期政策应保持一致，但它们在范围、重点、规范性程度和优先事项上仍存在差异。为全面理解欧盟视角下的AI治理，本研究采用定性主题分析方法，识别关键欧盟文件（包括《人工智能法案》与HLEG伦理指南）中的主要主题；进一步运用定量主题建模方法，特别是BERTopic模型，扩展分析样本至2018年以来发布的欧盟AI政策文件。研究呈现了欧盟应对AI治理问题的演变路径，提供了新的分析视角。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
The upsurge of policies and guidelines that aim to ensure Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems are safe and trustworthy has led to a fragmented landscape of AI governance. The European Union (EU) is a key actor in the development of such policies and guidelines. Its High-Level Expert Group (HLEG) issued an influential set of guidelines for trustworthy AI, followed in 2024 by the adoption of the EU AI Act. While the EU policies and guidelines are expected to be aligned, they may differ in their scope, areas of emphasis, degrees of normativity, and priorities in relation to AI. To gain a broad understanding of AI governance from the EU perspective, we leverage qualitative thematic analysis approaches to uncover prevalent themes in key EU documents, including the AI Act and the HLEG Ethics Guidelines. We further employ quantitative topic modelling approaches, specifically through the use of the BERTopic model, to enhance the results and increase the document sample to include EU AI policy documents published post-2018. We present a novel perspective on EU policies, tracking the evolution of its approach to addressing AI governance.
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