为自主AI代理设计安全授权协议,防越权与伪造。
Agentic JWT: A Secure Delegation Protocol for Autonomous AI Agents
- 用双重验证令牌绑定代理行为与用户意图
- 支持跨代理委托且可验证每步操作合法性
- 适合需高安全性的自动化系统开发者
自主大模型代理每小时可发起数千次API调用而无需人工干预。OAuth 2.0假设客户端行为确定,但在代理场景中,随机推理、提示注入或多代理协作可能导致权限悄然扩大。我们提出Agentic JWT(A-JWT),一种双面意图令牌,将每个代理操作与可验证的用户意图绑定,并可选地关联特定工作流步骤。A-JWT包含基于提示、工具和配置生成的一次性哈希身份,以及链式委托证明,用于验证下游代理执行任务的权限,并通过每代理的证明拥有密钥防止重放与内部冒用。我们定义了新的授权机制,并实现轻量级客户端封装库,在运行时自验证代码、生成意图令牌、追踪工作流并推导密钥,实现在单一进程中安全的身份隔离。我们构建了完整的代理应用威胁模型,开发了Python原型,展示在商品硬件上以亚毫秒开销成功阻断越权请求、重放攻击、冒用及提示注入路径。该设计契合当前OAuth代理讨论方向,为代理应用提供即插即用的零信任保障路径。完整性能与安全评估将在后续期刊论文中呈现。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Autonomous LLM agents can issue thousands of API calls per hour without human oversight. OAuth 2.0 assumes deterministic clients, but in agentic settings stochastic reasoning, prompt injection, or multi-agent orchestration can silently expand privileges. We introduce Agentic JWT (A-JWT), a dual-faceted intent token that binds each agent's action to verifiable user intent and, optionally, to a specific workflow step. A-JWT carries an agent's identity as a one-way checksum hash derived from its prompt, tools and configuration, and a chained delegation assertion to prove which downstream agent may execute a given task, and per-agent proof-of-possession keys to prevent replay and in-process impersonation. We define a new authorization mechanism and add a lightweight client shim library that self-verifies code at run time, mints intent tokens, tracks workflow steps and derives keys, thus enabling secure agent identity and separation even within a single process. We illustrate a comprehensive threat model for agentic applications, implement a Python proof-of-concept and show functional blocking of scope-violating requests, replay, impersonation, and prompt-injection pathways with sub-millisecond overhead on commodity hardware. The design aligns with ongoing OAuth agent discussions and offers a drop-in path toward zero-trust guarantees for agentic applications. A comprehensive performance and security evaluation with experimental results will appear in our forthcoming journal publication
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