用神经微分方程建模多模态碰撞距离场,提升高自由度机器人规划效率。
CDFlow: Generative Gradient Flows for Configuration Space Distance Fields via Neural ODEs
- 通过神经微分方程学习配置空间的连续流动,建模多解碰撞配置分布。
- 在高自由度场景下实现更优轨迹质量与规划鲁棒性,显著提升效率。
- 适合需要精确碰撞感知的复杂环境机器人路径规划任务。
符号距离场(SDF)是机器人运动规划中的基础表示。其配置空间对应物——配置空间距离场(CDF)直接编码关节空间中的距离信息,为优化与控制提供统一表示。然而,现有CDF方法在高自由度(DoF)机器人中面临两大挑战:(1) 仅返回单一最近碰撞配置,忽略最小距离配置的多模态特性,导致梯度歧义;(2) 依赖稀疏采样碰撞边界,常无法识别真实最近配置,产生过度平滑的近似并造成高维空间中的几何失真。我们提出CDFlow,一种基于神经常微分方程(Neural ODEs)的新框架,通过学习配置空间的连续流来解决上述问题。我们将问题从寻找单个最近点重新定义为建模最小距离碰撞配置的分布,并引入自适应精炼采样策略生成高质量训练数据。所得到的神经微分方程隐式建模该多模态分布,生成平滑且一致的梯度场——作为指向该分布的期望方向——缓解梯度歧义并保留尖锐几何特征。在高自由度运动规划任务上的大量实验表明,相较于现有基于CDF的方法,CDFlow显著提升了规划效率、轨迹质量和鲁棒性,使复杂环境中碰撞感知机器人的规划更加高效可靠。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Signed Distance Fields (SDFs) are a fundamental representation in robot motion planning. Their configuration-space counterpart, the Configuration Space Distance Field (CDF), directly encodes distances in joint space, offering a unified representation for optimization and control. However, existing CDF formulations face two major challenges in high-degree-of-freedom (DoF) robots: (1) they effectively return only a single nearest collision configuration, neglecting the multi-modal nature of minimal-distance collision configurations and leading to gradient ambiguity; and (2) they rely on sparse sampling of the collision boundary, which often fails to identify the true closest configurations, producing oversmoothed approximations and geometric distortion in high-dimensional spaces. We propose CDFlow, a novel framework that addresses these limitations by learning a continuous flow in configuration space via Neural Ordinary Differential Equations (Neural ODEs). We redefine the problem from finding a single nearest point to modeling the distribution of minimal-distance collision configurations. We also introduce an adaptive refinement sampling strategy to generate high-fidelity training data for this distribution. The resulting Neural ODE implicitly models this multi-modal distribution and produces a smooth, consistent gradient field-derived as the expected direction towards the distribution-that mitigates gradient ambiguity and preserves sharp geometric features. Extensive experiments on high-DoF motion planning tasks demonstrate that CDFlow significantly improves planning efficiency, trajectory quality, and robustness compared to existing CDF-based methods, enabling more robust and efficient planning for collision-aware robots in complex environments.
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