arXiv:2509.14900cs.CL2025-09

FURINA让MoE-LoRA无需路由器,可完全合并进主模型,推理零开销。

FURINA: Free from Unmergeable Router via LINear Aggregation of mixed experts

  • 用线性聚合代替离散路由,通过方向与幅度解耦实现无路由器专家选择
  • 在多个基准上性能超越标准LoRA,媲美甚至超过现有MoE-LoRA方法
  • 适合需要高效微调且希望消除额外推理开销的模型部署场景

Mixture of Experts (MoE) 已被成功集成到 Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) 中用于参数高效微调(PEFT),在极小参数开销下实现性能提升。然而,现有 MoE-LoRA 方法依赖离散路由器,无法将专家模块合并到主干模型中。为此,我们提出 FURINA,一种基于专家线性聚合的无不可合并路由器框架。FURINA 通过三项核心创新消除路由器:(1) 解耦 LoRA 适配器的方向与幅度学习;(2) 使用共享可学习幅度向量进行一致激活缩放;(3) 引入专家选择损失以促进专家激活的差异性。该机制利用输入与各适配器方向分量之间的角度相似性激活专家,并由共享幅度向量缩放,使输出范数自然反映专家重要性,从而实现动态、无路由器的路由。专家选择损失进一步增强稀疏性,使其符合标准 MoE 激活模式。我们还在 MoE-LoRA 模块中引入共享专家,提供稳定的基础知识。据我们所知,FURINA 是首个可完全合并至主干模型的无路由器 MoE 增强型 LoRA 方法,推理时无额外开销或复杂度。大量实验表明,FURINA 不仅显著优于标准 LoRA,还达到或超越现有 MoE-LoRA 方法性能,同时消除了 MoE 的额外推理开销。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

The Mixture of Experts (MoE) paradigm has been successfully integrated into Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) for parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT), delivering performance gains with minimal parameter overhead. However, a key limitation of existing MoE-LoRA methods is their reliance on a discrete router, which prevents the integration of the MoE components into the backbone model. To overcome this, we propose FURINA, a novel Free from Unmergeable Router framework based on the LINear Aggregation of experts. FURINA eliminates the router by introducing a Self-Routing mechanism. This is achieved through three core innovations: (1) decoupled learning of the direction and magnitude for LoRA adapters, (2) a shared learnable magnitude vector for consistent activation scaling, and (3) expert selection loss that encourages divergent expert activation. The proposed mechanism leverages the angular similarity between the input and each adapter's directional component to activate experts, which are then scaled by the shared magnitude vector. This design allows the output norm to naturally reflect the importance of each expert, thereby enabling dynamic, router-free routing. The expert selection loss further sharpens this behavior by encouraging sparsity and aligning it with standard MoE activation patterns. We also introduce a shared expert within the MoE-LoRA block that provides stable, foundational knowledge. To the best of our knowledge, FURINA is the first router-free, MoE-enhanced LoRA method that can be fully merged into the backbone model, introducing zero additional inference-time cost or complexity. Extensive experiments demonstrate that FURINA not only significantly outperforms standard LoRA but also matches or surpasses the performance of existing MoE-LoRA methods, while eliminating the extra inference-time overhead of MoE.

LoRAMoE微调合并

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