用思维图结构让AI自动设计奖励函数,无需人工干预。
Reward Evolution with Graph-of-Thoughts: A Bi-Level Language Model Framework for Reinforcement Learning
- 构建带文本属性的思维图分解任务,生成可解释奖励
- 通过视觉语言模型反馈迭代优化奖励,成功率提升32.25%
- 适合复杂多步机器人任务,无需人工标注或专家设计
强化学习中设计有效奖励函数仍是重大挑战,通常需大量人力经验和反复调优。现有基于大语言模型(LLM)的方法受限于幻觉、依赖人工反馈及难以处理复杂多步任务。本文提出奖励进化与思维图结合框架(RE-GoT),通过结构化图式推理增强LLM,并集成视觉语言模型(VLM)实现自动化轨迹评估。RE-GoT首先将任务分解为带文本属性的图结构,进行综合分析并生成奖励函数;随后利用VLM提供的视觉反馈,无须人工介入地迭代优化奖励。在10个RoboGen和4个ManiSkill2任务上的实验表明,该方法持续优于现有基于LLM的基线。在RoboGen上平均成功率提升32.25%,尤其在复杂多步任务中表现突出;在ManiSkill2上,四类操作任务平均成功率达93.73%,显著超越此前基于LLM的方法,甚至超过人工设计的奖励。结果表明,结合LLM、VLM与思维图推理,为强化学习中的自主奖励演化提供了一种可扩展且高效的新方案。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Designing effective reward functions remains a major challenge in reinforcement learning (RL), often requiring considerable human expertise and iterative refinement. Recent advances leverage Large Language Models (LLMs) for automated reward design, but these approaches are limited by hallucinations, reliance on human feedback, and challenges with handling complex, multi-step tasks. In this work, we introduce Reward Evolution with Graph-of-Thoughts (RE-GoT), a novel bi-level framework that enhances LLMs with structured graph-based reasoning and integrates Visual Language Models (VLMs) for automated rollout evaluation. RE-GoT first decomposes tasks into text-attributed graphs, enabling comprehensive analysis and reward function generation, and then iteratively refines rewards using visual feedback from VLMs without human intervention. Extensive experiments on 10 RoboGen and 4 ManiSkill2 tasks demonstrate that RE-GoT consistently outperforms existing LLM-based baselines. On RoboGen, our method improves average task success rates by 32.25%, with notable gains on complex multi-step tasks. On ManiSkill2, RE-GoT achieves an average success rate of 93.73% across four diverse manipulation tasks, significantly surpassing prior LLM-based approaches and even exceeding expert-designed rewards. Our results indicate that combining LLMs and VLMs with graph-of-thoughts reasoning provides a scalable and effective solution for autonomous reward evolution in RL.
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