机器人通过触觉感知主动交互,拓展未知杂乱环境中的可行动空间。
A Tactile-based Interactive Motion Planner for Robots in Unknown Cluttered Environments
- 基于触觉-运动闭环,实时构建物体接触模型
- 在0.01~0.07 m/s速度下接触力稳定在1.0±0.7 N
- 使自由运动空间扩大37.5%,适合复杂场景探索
在密集堆叠物体的未知杂乱环境中,自由运动空间极为稀疏,导致传统无碰撞规划方法常因意外碰撞和运动阻碍而失效。为此,本文提出一种基于感知-运动循环的交互式运动规划框架(I-MP),使机器人能够自主建模与推理接触关系,从而安全拓展自由运动空间。具体而言,机器人利用多模态触觉感知获取刺激-响应信号对,实现实时识别物体机械特性并构建接触模型。这些模型作为计算约束集成至反应式规划器中,基于不动点定理实时计算向目标状态的运动状态,避免了高维交互模型外推带来的计算负担。此外,高维交互特征以能量形式在线性叠加于笛卡尔空间,控制器通过求解从当前状态到规划状态的能量梯度实现轨迹跟踪。实验结果表明,在0.01~0.07 m/s巡航速度下,机器人初始接触力保持在1.0±0.7 N。在无法获得无碰撞轨迹的柜子场景测试中,I-MP通过主动交互将自由运动空间扩大37.5%,成功完成环境探索任务。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
In unknown cluttered environments with densely stacked objects, the free-motion space is extremely barren, posing significant challenges to motion planners. Collision-free planning methods often suffer from catastrophic failures due to unexpected collisions and motion obstructions. To address this issue, this paper proposes an interactive motion planning framework (I-MP), based on a perception-motion loop. This framework empowers robots to autonomously model and reason about contact models, which in turn enables safe expansion of the free-motion space. Specifically, the robot utilizes multimodal tactile perception to acquire stimulus-response signal pairs. This enables real-time identification of objects' mechanical properties and the subsequent construction of contact models. These models are integrated as computational constraints into a reactive planner. Based on fixed-point theorems, the planner computes the spatial state toward the target in real time, thus avoiding the computational burden associated with extrapolating on high-dimensional interaction models. Furthermore, high-dimensional interaction features are linearly superposed in Cartesian space in the form of energy, and the controller achieves trajectory tracking by solving the energy gradient from the current state to the planned state. The experimental results showed that at cruising speeds ranging from 0.01 to 0.07 $m/s$, the robot's initial contact force with objects remained stable at 1.0 +- 0.7 N. In the cabinet scenario test where collision-free trajectories were unavailable, I-MP expanded the free motion space by 37.5 % through active interaction, successfully completing the environmental exploration task.
Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. PaperDance 不是 arXiv 官方产品;中文卡片由大模型生成,请以原文为准。