用多智能体协作自动学习自动驾驶策略,省去人工设计奖励函数的麻烦。
Orchestrate, Generate, Reflect: A VLM-Based Multi-Agent Collaboration Framework for Automated Driving Policy Learning
- 通过视觉语言模型构建分层智能体系统,实现自动规划训练目标。
- 在CARLA模拟器中表现更优,跨城市场景泛化能力强,兼容多种强化学习算法。
- 支持在线迭代优化,适合追求高效自动化训练的自动驾驶研究者。
基础模型的发展为实现安全高效的自动驾驶政策学习带来了新契机。然而,复杂动态驾驶任务中手动设计奖励函数和训练课程是关键瓶颈,过程繁琐耗时。为此,我们提出OGR(Orchestrate, Generate, Reflect)框架,基于视觉语言模型(VLM)的多智能体协作机制,利用VLM强大的推理与多模态理解能力,构建分层代理系统:中心协调器规划高层训练目标,生成模块采用先分析后生成的两步流程高效生成奖励-课程对,反思模块基于在线评估实现迭代优化。此外,专用记忆模块赋予VLM智能体长期记忆能力。为增强生成鲁棒性与多样性,引入并行生成方案及人机协同技术以扩充奖励观测空间。通过高效的多智能体协作与丰富的多模态信息利用,OGR实现强化学习策略的在线演化,获得交互感知的驾驶技能。大量实验表明,在CARLA模拟器中性能优越,跨不同城市场景具有强泛化能力,且与多种强化学习算法高度兼容。真实世界实验进一步验证了该框架的实用性和有效性。代码将在论文接受后公开。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
The advancement of foundation models fosters new initiatives for policy learning in achieving safe and efficient autonomous driving. However, a critical bottleneck lies in the manual engineering of reward functions and training curricula for complex and dynamic driving tasks, which is a labor-intensive and time-consuming process. To address this problem, we propose OGR (Orchestrate, Generate, Reflect), a novel automated driving policy learning framework that leverages vision-language model (VLM)-based multi-agent collaboration. Our framework capitalizes on advanced reasoning and multimodal understanding capabilities of VLMs to construct a hierarchical agent system. Specifically, a centralized orchestrator plans high-level training objectives, while a generation module employs a two-step analyze-then-generate process for efficient generation of reward-curriculum pairs. A reflection module then facilitates iterative optimization based on the online evaluation. Furthermore, a dedicated memory module endows the VLM agents with the capabilities of long-term memory. To enhance robustness and diversity of the generation process, we introduce a parallel generation scheme and a human-in-the-loop technique for augmentation of the reward observation space. Through efficient multi-agent cooperation and leveraging rich multimodal information, OGR enables the online evolution of reinforcement learning policies to acquire interaction-aware driving skills. Extensive experiments in the CARLA simulator demonstrate the superior performance, robust generalizability across distinct urban scenarios, and strong compatibility with various RL algorithms. Further real-world experiments highlight the practical viability and effectiveness of our framework. The source code will be available upon acceptance of the paper.
Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. PaperDance 不是 arXiv 官方产品;中文卡片由大模型生成,请以原文为准。